Annual Telecoms Training Subscription Package with Unlimited access to 500+ hours of key training material Empower your professional development by building your knowledge of key technology and business topics within the telecoms industry.  Unlimited access to future new courses that will cover the latest technology developments as they are added to Hub throughout your 12-month subscription period. Endlessly flexible and applicable to any role within the telecoms industry a subscription to Wray Castle Hub is your ultimate learning resource. You can choose to follow one of our suggested learning pathways, build your own or dip into the learning material module by module. The Wray Castle Hub is also available as an 6-Month Subscription for £945. Learn more here.

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This 5G Engineering on-demand course is a technical introduction to 5G. The course includes the design goals and development schedule for 5G, the principles, design and implementation of the 5G air interface, radio access network and core network, and the operation of the 5G system. This course is delivered as a self-paced on-demand distance learning course and features illustrated course books, videos, tests and full tutor support. Who would benefit This course is intended for engineers either new to, or already working in, mobile communications. Prerequisites Familiarity with telecommunications and general engineering terminology is assumed. Some understanding of LTE cellular systems would be beneficial. Topic Areas Include 5G introduction, key features and standardisation Use cases and performance objectives Principles of the air interface: radio spectrum, OFDMA and multiple antennas Air interface protocol stack Architecture of the air interface physical layer Procedures for data transmission and reception on the 5G air interface Radio access network architecture and protocols Non-standalone and standalone deployment options Core network architecture and protocols Network function virtualisation and network slicing Interworking and compatibility between 5G, LTE and Wi-Fi PDU connectivity, Quality of Service and service provision Signalling procedures in the 5G network

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Our 2G to 5G Mobile Technologies Training Course is designed to provide professionals in the telecommunications industry with the knowledge and skills needed to understand and work with the latest mobile technologies. With the rapid evolution of mobile networks, staying up-to-date with the latest advancements is crucial for professionals looking to advance their careers in this field. Our comprehensive course covers everything from the basics of 2G technology to the cutting-edge developments in 5G networks.By enrolling in our training course, participants will gain a deep understanding of the principles and technologies behind 2G, 3G, 4G, and 5G networks. They will learn about the key features and capabilities of each generation, as well as the challenges and opportunities presented by the transition to 5G. Our expert instructors will guide participants through hands-on exercises and real-world case studies to ensure they have the practical skills needed to succeed in this dynamic industry.Whether you are a seasoned professional looking to upgrade your skills or a newcomer to the telecommunications field, our 2G to 5G Mobile Technologies Training Course will provide you with the knowledge and expertise needed to excel in this fast-paced industry. Stay ahead of the curve and advance your career with our industry-leading training program. This self-paced on-demand distance learning course features illustrated course books, videos, tests and full tutor support. Who would benefit This course is suitable for engineering, technical sales, technical management and other staff who require a general technical overview of mobile technologies but who do not need to invest the time necessary to learn about each technology in depth. Prerequisites A basic understanding of telecoms principles would be beneficial. Topic Areas Include: An overview of basic radio and cellular techniques and technologies Network Generations from 2G to 5G 3GPP Release programme An overview of 2G (GSM) network architecture and functionality GSM TDMA air interface operating principles GPRS and EDGE upgrades to GSM GSM services TETRA networks An overview of 3G (UMTS) network architecture and functionality UMTS WCDMA air interface operating principles HSPA and HSPA+ upgrades to UMTS An overview of 4G (LTE) network architecture and functionality LTE OFDMA air interface operating principles Evolved Packet Core (EPC) operation Small cells and heterogeneous networks Self Organising Networks (SON) LTE voice options LTE Advanced and LTE Advanced Pro Wi-Fi/Cellular interworking LTE operation in unlicensed frequency bands Machine Type Communications (MTC) LTE for public safety Introduction to 5G 3GPP use cases for 5G Performance targets for 5G Radio Spectrum for 5G 5G OFDMA air interface 5G System Architecture Non Standalone (NSA) and Standalone (SA) New Radio (NR) 5G Core Network Functions

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A technical overview of the billing and charging architecture defined for 4G LTE networks, including a review of LTE bearer, traffic flow and QoS concepts. The course goes on to examine the architecture of the billing system, both online and offline and identifies the key nodes, interfaces and protocols employed to transport billing and charging information. Finally, the interactions with the billing system during basic LTE procedures are outlined. This self-paced on-demand distance learning course features illustrated course books, videos, tests and full tutor support. Who would benefit Engineers, designers, managers and others involved in the development, deployment or operation of LTE billing and charging systems. Prerequisites Familiarity with the LTE Evolved Packet Core is assumed. Experience of 2G or 3G billing systems would be beneficial. Topic Areas Include Review of EPS bearer concepts and LTE QoS models Packet flows, service data flows and traffic flow aggregates Deep packet inspection – heuristic algorithms and bearer-aware applications Outline of policy and charging control LTE billing and charging concepts Flow-based charging Billing architecture Online and offline charging systems Charging data capture points (S-GW, PDN-GW) IMS charging capture points Charging Data Function (CDF) Protocols – Diameter, CAP Interfaces – Gy, Gz, Rf, Ro and others Charging criteria – time-based, volume-based, application-based CDR formats CDR generation Charging interaction with basic LTE procedures

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The Applied Telecoms Engineering Programme (Cellular Radio Engineer Track) distance learning programme provides learners with a qualification that demonstrates their knowledge of the technologies underpinning the telecoms industry with a focus on cellular radio engineering.  Students will gain a through foundation in the telecoms industry and the technologies on which it’s based as well as a comprehensive understanding of the technologies underpinning radio access networks and techniques needed to design, plan, build, monitor and optimise modern cellular radio networks. This programme has been assured by City & Guilds. Assured status provides validation and recognition for the learner. It is a symbol of learning excellence and quality and is a reassurance that the training undertaken meets best practice standards. Applied Telecoms Engineering Programme (Cellular Radio Engineer Track) Syllabus Foundation Courses Technology Fundamentals Course Modules: Defining Telecoms  Background to the Telecom Network Digital Fixed Telecom Networks Data Networks Mobile Networks and Wi-Fi Broadband and Emerging Networks 2G to 5G Mobile Technologies Course Modules: Principles of Mobile Cellular Networks 2nd Generation Mobile Networks 3rd Generation Mobile Networks 4th Generation Mobile Networks 5th Generation Mobile Networks Telecoms – as an Industry and Business Course Modules: Telecoms Industry & Business Dynamics The Technology Explained & Evaluated Telecoms Industry & Market Update  Specialist Courses LTE Air Interface Course Modules: LTE Overview OFDM Principles Physical Layer Structure Layer 2 Protocols Radio Resource Control LTE-Advanced Lower Layer Procedures 5G Air Interface Course Modules: Principles of the 5G New Radio Introduction to the Physical Layer Physical Layer Implementation and Procedures Higher Layer Protocols Signalling Procedures What you will learn: At the end of the programme successful students will be able to: Develop a fundamental understanding of the technologies underpinning modern telecoms networks, the industry structure and its key stakeholders . Gain a detailed understanding of the air interface for LTE radio access (incl. OFDMA principles,  channel structures, connectivity and mobility management and radio link control functions.) Have a detailed technical  understanding of the air interface for the 5G New Radio, the principles of mm wave and multiple antenna communications, the architecture of the AI’s physical layer, the higher layer air interface protocols, and the signalling procedures.  Expand their learning further by studying two elective modules to qualify for the Diploma in Telecoms. What sets the programme apart? Focused Learning Pathways – guide you through the material and enable you to become an expert in your chosen field. Flexible Learning – study at a time, location and pace of your choice. Full Tutor support – from industry experts with decades of experience throughout your studies. Extended Learning – Diploma students have the opportunity to study 3 additional courses. 24 months access – allowing you to refer back to the material after your studies. Digital Badges and Course Certificate – demonstrate the depth of your knowledge. About City & Guilds City & Guilds is a household brand and a global leader in skills development. Over one million people earn a City & Guilds qualification every year, providing them with the skills they need to thrive in the workplace.In the global economy, the ability to compete depends on building a skilled, competent and confident workforce. City & Guilds understands the value of portable skills and globally recognised standards that enable people and organisations to succeed. It partners with Governments, employers and educators in over 50 countries, across five continents, to advise them on developing high-quality skills training that meets the needs of the global workforce, without compromising on local demands. Enrolment Fees:  £2,995 (+VAT) Programme Duration: 24 months (Programme is On-Demand, learners can start at any time) Bespoke In-Company Schemes The Applied Telecoms Engineering Programme provide the ideal structure for formalising training programmes for teams across your business. Contact us on info@wraycastle.com for more information.

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This 5G Architecture and Protocols Overview on-demand training course is a technical introduction to the 5G network. The course includes the design goals and development schedule for 5G, the principles, design and implementation of the core and radio access networks of 5G. This self-paced on-demand distance learning course features illustrated course books, videos, tests and full tutor support. Who would benefit This course is intended for engineers either new to, or already working in, mobile communication networks. Prerequisites Familiarity with telecommunications and general engineering terminology is assumed. Some understanding of LTE cellular systems would be beneficial. Topic Areas Include: 5G introduction, key features and standardisation Use cases and performance objectives Radio access network architecture and protocols Non standalone and standalone deployment options Core network architecture and protocols Network function virtualisation and network slicing Interworking and compatibility between 5G, LTE and Wi-Fi PDU connectivity, Quality of Service and service provision Signalling procedures in the 5G network

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A technical introduction and overview of LTE and LTE-Advanced, including the air interface, radio access network, core network and other key associated technologies. This self-paced on-demand distance learning course features illustrated course books, videos, tests and full tutor support. Who would benefit This course is intended for engineers either new to, or already working in, mobile communications. Prerequisites Familiarity with telecommunications and general engineering terminology is assumed and some understanding of 2G and 3G cellular systems would be beneficial. Topic Areas Include High level architecture of LTE Basic principles of OFDMA and SC-FDMA Air interface protocol stack Structure of the air interface physical layer E-UTRAN architecture, interfaces and protocols EPC architecture, interfaces and protocols LTE state diagrams Principles of bearers and Quality of Service (QoS) Voice options for LTE Power-on procedures UE procedures in idle and connected modes Enhancements in LTE-Advanced

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Who would benefit Those in or entering technical roles within the GSM-R industry who require a broad overview of the services, features and technology of GSM-R. Prerequisites A basic understanding of cellular radio networks and railway signalling, as well as the ability to comprehend technical subjects, would be useful. Topic Areas Include Introduction to GSM and GSM-R Networks GSM Network Architecture GPRS Network Architecture GSM-R Network Architecture GSM-R Services] GSM-R Identities GSM-R Coverage Network Access GSM-R Procedures European Train Control System Certified by Institution of Railway Signal Engineers (IRSE) The Institution of Railway Signal Engineers (IRSE) certifies that the syllabus for the GSM-R Engineering course is appropriate for meeting the stated objectives of that course. For more information about the scope of the certification process provided by the IRSE please see the IRSE website www.irse.org.

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This course will cover a wide range of topics, starting with the basics of services and connectivity. It will provide insight into the evolution of telecommunication networks over time, reflecting on both historical advancements and future trends. We will begin with an introduction to the foundational aspects of telecom services and connectivity, setting the stage for more detailed explorations. We will then delve into fixed access technologies, starting with traditional copper pair connectivity and progressing through the evolutionary phases of fixed broadband access. This will include a thorough discussion of the technologies that have shaped and continue to influence fixed network landscapes. The mobile sector will receive a focused analysis beginning with the fundamental cellular concepts. We will explore the evolution of mobile broadband, especially under the frameworks established by the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP), covering technologies from GSM to advanced LTE and 5G networks. An essential component of this course will be a deep dive into operational support systems (OSS) and business support systems (BSS), which are critical for managing modern telecommunications services. We will examine the key platforms that support telecom services, such as billing, customer service, and network management systems. The course will also cover the burgeoning area of the Internet of Things (IoT), detailing how this technology integrates into existing telecom infrastructures and the new opportunities it creates. Additionally, we will consider the infrastructure backbone of the telecom industry, focusing on data centres and the relative costs associated with telecom infrastructure, excluding spectrum costs. Course Contents: Introduction Services and Connectivity - Evolution Fixed Access Mobile Access Support Systems Infrastructure

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The Artificial Intelligence Fundamentals course is designed to provide participants with a comprehensive introduction to the field of artificial intelligence (AI). Through a combination of theoretical concepts and practical applications, participants will gain a solid foundation in AI and its various subfields, including machine learning, natural language processing, computer vision, and robotics. We explore the use of AI in industry, and in particular in Telecoms and related sectors. By the end of the course, participants will have a strong grasp of AI concepts, techniques, and their real-world applications – particularly in telecoms. They will be equipped to pursue further studies in AI or apply their knowledge to diverse domains where AI plays a significant role. Prerequisites There are no specific prerequisites for this course. However, a basic understanding of programming concepts would be beneficial. Course Contents                             Introduction to Artificial Intelligence Machine Learning Natural Language Processing (NLP) Computer Vision Robotics and Autonomous Systems AI in Industry Ethics and Responsible AI

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The Applied Telecoms Engineering Programme (Core Network Engineer Track) distance learning programmes provides learners with a certified qualification that demonstrates their knowledge of the technologies underpinning the telecoms industry with a focus on core network engineering.  Students will gain a through foundation in the telecoms industry and the technologies on which it’s based as well as a deep understanding of the core network procedures, processes and service provision concepts for 4G and 5G Networks. This programme has been assured by City & Guilds. Assured status provides validation and recognition for the learner. It is a symbol of learning excellence and quality and is a reassurance that the training undertaken meets best practice standards. Applied Telecoms Engineering Programme (Core Network Engineer Track) Syllabus  Foundation Courses Technology Fundamentals Course Modules: Defining Telecoms  Background to the Telecom Network Digital Fixed Telecom Networks Data Networks Mobile Networks and Wi-Fi Broadband and Emerging Networks 2G to 5G Mobile Technologies Course Modules: Principles of Mobile Cellular Networks 2nd Generation Mobile Networks 3rd Generation Mobile Networks 4th Generation Mobile Networks 5th Generation Mobile Networks Telecoms – as an Industry and Business Course Modules: Telecoms Industry & Business Dynamics The Technology Explained & Evaluated Telecoms Industry & Market Update  Specialist Courses LTE Evolved Packet Core Course Modules: LTE Overview Evolved Packet Core Data Transport in the EPC Major Protocols EPC Operation Release 9 and Beyond 5G Architecture and Protocols Course Modules: Introduction to 5G Radio Access Network Architecture Core Network Architecture Data Transport 5G Protocols 5G Procedures Releases 16 and 17 What you will learn: At the end of the programme successful students will be able to: Develop a fundamental understanding of the technologies underpinning modern telecoms networks, the industry structure and its key stakeholders . Describe the Evolved Packet Core for LTE systems, architecture, interfaces, service provision concepts, application of IP technologies and the overall protocol architectures. Understand the architecture and interfaces used by 5G, the protocols used for signalling and data transport, the provision of services over a 5G network, and the procedures for signalling and system operation. Expand their learning further by studying two elective modules to qualify for the Diploma in Telecoms. What sets the programme apart? Focused Learning Pathways – guide you through the material and enable you to become an expert in your chosen field. Flexible Learning – study at a time, location and pace of your choice. Full Tutor support – from industry experts with decades of experience throughout your studies. Extended Learning – Diploma students have the opportunity to study 3 additional courses. 24 months access – allowing you to refer back to the material after your studies. Digital Badges and Course Certificate – demonstrate the depth of your knowledge. About City & Guilds City & Guilds is a household brand and a global leader in skills development. Over one million people earn a City & Guilds qualification every year, providing them with the skills they need to thrive in the workplace.In the global economy, the ability to compete depends on building a skilled, competent and confident workforce. City & Guilds understands the value of portable skills and globally recognised standards that enable people and organisations to succeed. It partners with Governments, employers and educators in over 50 countries, across five continents, to advise them on developing high-quality skills training that meets the needs of the global workforce, without compromising on local demands. Enrolment Fees:  £2,995 (+VAT) Programme Duration: 24 months (Programme is On-Demand, learners can start at any time) Bespoke In-Company Schemes The Applied Telecoms Engineering Programme provide the ideal structure for formalising training programmes for teams across your business. Contact us on info@wraycastle.com for more information.

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The Applied Telecoms Engineering Programme (5G Engineer Track)distance learning programmes provides learners with a certified qualification that demonstrates their knowledge of the technologies underpinning the telecoms industry with a focus on 5G network architecture and protocols and the 5G Air Interface.  This programme has been assured by City & Guilds. Assured status provides validation and recognition for the learner. It is a symbol of learning excellence and quality and is a reassurance that the training undertaken meets best practice standards. Applied Telecoms Engineering Programme (5G Engineer Track) Syllabus Foundation Courses Technology Fundamentals Course Modules: Defining Telecoms  Background to the Telecom Network Digital Fixed Telecom Networks Data Networks Mobile Networks and Wi-Fi Broadband and Emerging Networks 2G to 5G Mobile Technologies Course Modules: Principles of Mobile Cellular Networks 2nd Generation Mobile Networks 3rd Generation Mobile Networks 4th Generation Mobile Networks 5th Generation Mobile Networks Telecoms – as an Industry and Business Course Modules: Telecoms Industry & Business Dynamics The Technology Explained & Evaluated Telecoms Industry & Market Update  Specialist Courses 5G Architecture and Protocols Course Modules: Introduction to 5G Radio Access Network Architecture Core Network Architecture Data Transport 5G Protocols 5G Procedures Releases 16 and 17 5G Air Interface Course Modules: Principles of the 5G New Radio Introduction to the Physical Layer Physical Layer Implementation and Procedures Higher Layer ProtocolsSignalling Procedures What you will learn: At the end of the programme successful students will be able to: Develop a fundamental understanding of the technologies underpinning modern telecoms networks, the industry structure and its key stakeholders . Understand the architecture and interfaces used by 5G, the protocols used for signalling and data transport, the provision of services over a 5G network, and the procedures for signalling and system operation. Master the principles of mmWave and multiple antenna communications, the architecture and implementation of the AI's physical layer, the higher layer AI protocols. What sets the programme apart? Focused Learning Pathways – guide you through the material and enable you to become an expert in your chosen field. Flexible Learning – study at a time, location and pace of your choice. Full Tutor support – from industry experts with decades of experience throughout your studies. Extended Learning – Diploma students have the opportunity to study 3 additional courses. 24 months access – allowing you to refer back to the material after your studies. Digital Badges and Course Certificate – demonstrate the depth of your knowledge. About City & Guilds City & Guilds is a household brand and a global leader in skills development. Over one million people earn a City & Guilds qualification every year, providing them with the skills they need to thrive in the workplace.In the global economy, the ability to compete depends on building a skilled, competent and confident workforce. City & Guilds understands the value of portable skills and globally recognised standards that enable people and organisations to succeed. It partners with Governments, employers and educators in over 50 countries, across five continents, to advise them on developing high-quality skills training that meets the needs of the global workforce, without compromising on local demands. Enrolment Fees:  £2,995 (+VAT) Programme Duration: 24 months (Programme is On-Demand, learners can start at any time) Bespoke In-Company Schemes The Applied Telecoms Engineering Programme provide the ideal structure for formalising training programmes for teams across your business. Contact us on info@wraycastle.com for more information.

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Core Network Functions are explored, including their overall purpose, their specific role within the SBA, and the features / services that they support. This is followed by a comprehensive survey of the 5G Core and SBA supporting protocols and technologies, as well as a thorough examination of the Service Based Interface (SBI) and Service APIs (Application Programming Interfaces). Example procedures then allow us to build a comprehensive picture of the relevant techniques and features, and to make sense of the way in which the SBA is consistent with, and supports, key 5G enabling principles - including virtualisation and network slicing. Finally, security on the SBI is explored, highlighting the new network functions and techniques that have been introduced with 5G to provide new security features (including the roaming scenario), and a more secure core network domain. This self-paced on-demand distance learning course features illustrated course books, videos, tests and full tutor support. Who would benefit This course is designed for those involved in the design, deployment and development of the 5G Service Based Architecture and the 5G Core. Prerequisites This is a technical course, so experience or knowledge of the 5G system from a technical perspective would be an advantage. Topic Areas Include 5G Introduction and Deployment Options The 5G Core Network Functions 5G Core Supporting Protocols and Technologies The Service Based Interface (SBI) and Service APIs Explained Procedures Deployment options SBI Security

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Our 5G Air Interface training course provides a comprehensive technical overview of the air interface for the 5G New Radio (5G NR). This course delves into the principles of millimetre wave and multiple antenna communications, the architecture and implementation of the air interface's physical layer, as well as the higher layer air interface protocols and signalling procedures for both idle and active 5G devices. Ideal for engineers and professionals involved in equipment design, operation, optimization, or monitoring on the 5G air interface, this course assumes an engineering background with some knowledge of general radio principles and digital radio systems. While a basic understanding of 5G and experience with LTE radio systems are desirable, they are not mandatory prerequisites.In addition our course covers a range of topic areas including 5G introduction, use cases, and standardization, radio spectrum and millimetre wave communications, principles and implementation of multiple antennas in 5G, and more. For those looking to deepen their understanding further, we also offer an optional 5G Virtual Lab Module where participants can explore, test, optimize, and troubleshoot the 5G system in a fully emulated environment. This self-paced on-demand distance learning course features illustrated course books, videos, tests and full tutor support. Who would benefit The course is intended for engineers and other staff who are involved with equipment design, operation, optimization or monitoring on the 5G air interface. Prerequisites An engineering background with some knowledge of general radio principles and digital radio systems is assumed. A basic understanding of 5G and experience of LTE radio systems would be desirable. Topic Areas Include: 5G introduction, use cases and standardisation Radio spectrum and millimetre wave communications Principles and implementation of multiple antennas in 5G Architecture of the air interface physical layer Details and implementation of the 5G physical, transport and logical channels Air interface procedures for synchronisation, scheduling, data transmission, feedback and random access Dual connectivity architecture and protocol stacks Also available as a Live Online Training Programme, learn more.

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GSM-R end of life is anticipated to be around 2030 which only leaves a few years to find a replacement system. The International Union of Railways (UIC) have published a document called FRMCS- Future Railway Mobile Communications System which outlines what will be required of a future system. The railway community have detailed the communications requirements of the future railway networks and are looking for telecommunications manufacturers and standards bodies to provide a suitable solution. This technical course is aimed at engineers planning to deploy FRMCS as a successor to GSM-R.  It identifies the specifications for FRMCS, the design aims, architecture of the On-Board systems, trackside systems and the transport network.  Additionally, the course details the capabilities of FRMCS, operational procedures and looks at possible migration scenarios with GSM-R. Now fully updated to include FRMCS V2 specifications. Prerequisites Attendees ideally will have a background in telecommunications gained from working in the railway industry and have technical knowledge of GSM-R. Who would benefit? The course is open to anyone that would like to gain an insight into how mobile telecommunications for railways may migrate from GSM-R to the system known as FRMCS. This self-paced on-demand distance learning course features illustrated course books, videos, tests and full tutor support. Topic Areas Include FRMCS – An Introduction FRMCS Reference Architecture FRMCS On-Board Architecture FRMCS Trackside Components Voice Application Subsystem FRMCS Location and Positioning System 5G FRMCS Addressing The SIP Core Mission Critical Architecture and Procedures FRMCS Operation Radio Planning and Migration MCVideo Certified by Institution of Railway Signal Engineers (IRSE) The Institution of Railway Signal Engineers (IRSE) certifies that the syllabus for the FRMCS Engineering course is appropriate for meeting the stated objectives of that course. For more information about the scope of the certification process provided by the IRSE please see the IRSE website www.irse.org.

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Cloud computing underpins much of today’s digital infrastructure - but what exactly makes the cloud work? This short, single-module course demystifies the architecture and technologies behind cloud services, giving you a structured overview of how cloud systems are designed, deployed, and secured. In just three hours, you’ll explore the core cloud types - public, private, hybrid - and learn the key terminology that underpins modern cloud discussions. You’ll then look at the enabling technologies that support cloud computing, from virtualisation and containerisation to software-defined infrastructure and automation. The course goes on to explain how cloud services are architected, including layered service models, the roles of cloud orchestration and APIs, and how infrastructure is provisioned dynamically. You’ll also examine how cloud environments are managed and secured, with a focus on governance, monitoring, data protection, and access control. Ideal for technical professionals and learners seeking a deeper understanding of how cloud platforms work, this course equips you with the vocabulary, concepts, and architectural knowledge needed to confidently engage in cloud-related conversations and planning. Course Contents                         Cloud – Types and Terminology Cloud Technology Cloud Architecture and Services Cloud Management and Security

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The 5G Radio Access Network on-demand course begins by discussing the key features of a 5G network before delving into the finer detail of the 5G New Radio.  The 5G RAN is described in terms of network architecture, base station characteristics, spectrum usage and multiple antenna configurations.  The transport of signalling and traffic over the 5G RAN interfaces, fronthaul and backhaul are analysed followed by an in depth study of the signalling protocols used over those interfaces. This self-paced on-demand distance learning course features illustrated course books, videos, tests and full tutor support. Who Would Benefit Engineers that need to know about the 5G Radio Access Network in terms of its characteristics, architecture, interfaces and operation Prerequisites Ideally students will have a mobile telecommunications or radio background gained from the study of or working with GSM, UMTS or LTE networks. Topic Areas Include Introduction to 5G 5G RAN NG Interface Messages and Procedures Xn Interface Messages and Procedures E1 Interface Messages and Procedures F1 Interface Messages and Procedures Multi-RAT Dual Cennectivity

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The Telecoms Industry is based on a range of technologies that are extremely diverse, wide ranging, and highly complex. With this foundation, the industry is able to support a wide variety of service propositions in a significant number of identifiable sectors, and as a result, a vast array of business models. The complex business ecosystems are comprised of many thousands of companies and the relationships that exist between them. This includes Communications Service Providers (CSP), Network Equipment and Handset Vendors, Service / Support Companies, Standardisation Bodies, Regulators, and Content / Media Companies. The ecosystems are dynamic in nature and evolving rapidly in terms of focus. The sheer scale of it all makes it difficult to fully understand and analyse, but in this course, we start that process. We explore the overall make-up of the industry and the business dynamics; the types of organisations involved and their roles and relationships; the service propositions; and main customer segments. We also briefly consider company strategy and business models. An evaluation of the key technologies that support the industry is made, including projections, time-lines and overall market trajectories. Topic Areas Include: Telecoms Industry and Business Dynamics The Technology Explained and Evaluated Telecoms Industry and Market Update

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The world has seen a phenomenal growth in the application and use of radio technology. What haven’t changed, however, are the principles upon which all of these technologies are built.The Radio Principles course provides an in-depth understanding of these principles on which radio technologies are built, taking students on a logical and detailed path through the various aspects of the theory, and practice, of radio communications. Through attendance on this course, delegates will build an understanding of how radio works and how this impacts manufacturers, users and operators of radio technology. Who would benefit Those requiring an understanding of the principles and concepts of radio that underpin today’s radio technologies. Prerequisites Some experience in telecommunications engineering is beneficial but the course is also suitable for delegates with an aptitude for technical subjects. Topic Areas Include The use and management of the radio spectrum Waveform fundamentals and baseband information Power levels and measurementsAnalogue and digital modulation techniques Simplex, semi-duplex and duplex - FDD and TDD Multiplexing – FDMA, TDMA, CDMA and OFDMA Transmitters and receivers Antennas and transmission lines Radio propagation mechanisms Introduction to coverage prediction Principles of cellular coverage techniques Diversity and MIMO An overview of fixed and mobile radio technologies in use today

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The course covers all of the essential aspects of planning point-to-point microwave link systems, from conception to commissioning. Who would benefit Those involved in the specification, planning and maintenance of fixed microwave radio transmission, backhaul and access links. Prerequisites A good knowledge of radio principles, or a background in telecommunications engineering, or attendance on the Radio Principles course (RP1301). Topic Areas Include ITU-R and CEPT recommendations ETSI standards Spectrum management and channel plans Frequency assignment Digital radio performance characteristics Noise and interference in radio systems Reliability, availability and performance objectives Microwave antennas and feeders Radiation Pattern Envelopes (RPEs) Refraction, k-factor, reflection and diffraction Path profiling and Fresnel zone clearance Power budgets Rain and Multipath/Dispersive fade margins Dimensioning space and frequency diversity Interference management Practical link planning exercises Practical exercises, including design of a fixed link transmission network.   On-Demand Online Training Our self-paced on-demand distance learning programmes are accessible on any computer, tablet or smartphone and allow you to study at a time and location that is convenient to you. Each course includes: Illustrated Course Books - featuring leading edge knowledge from subject matter experts. Videos - Detailed videos expand the points covered in the course books, discussing topics in greater depth.  Tutor Support – Dedicated course tutors are available to answer any questions you might have throughout your studies. Formative Assessment - Modules include regular quizzes to support learning by testing your knowledge of the subject matter. Certification– Successfully complete the end of module tests to earn Digital Badges to demonstrate the depth of your knowledge of the topic. Also available as a Live Online Training, Learn more

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A detailed technical description of the Evolved Packet Core (EPC) for LTE systems. This includes EPC architecture and interfaces, service provision concepts, application of IP technologies, overall protocol architectures and (optionally) a review of IMS functionality. This self-paced on-demand distance learning course features illustrated course books, videos, tests and full tutor support. Who would benefit Engineers and other staff involved with switching or transmission architecture, optimization, network management, network testing or monitoring of the EPC. Prerequisites An engineering background with some knowledge of core network technologies, including IP, is assumed. Experience of 2G or 3G systems would be beneficial. Topic Areas Include High level architecture of LTE Functions of the MME, S-GW, PDN-GW, HSS and PCRF LTE state diagrams Inter-operation with 2G, 3G and non-3GPP networks Voice options for LTE Principles of bearers and Quality of Service (QoS) Data transport in the EPC Policy and charging control architecture IETF protocols in the EPC, including SCTP, DiffServ and Diameter 3GPP protocols in the EPC, including GTP and S1-AP Power-on procedures UE procedures in idle and connected modes Enhancements in LTE-Advance

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This course provides a detailed overview of the issues related to the planning of backhaul services designed to support 4G LTE Cellular sites in both dedicated and single Radio Access Network (RAN) environments. The course focuses on planning techniques related to the most commonly-employed backhaul technologies used in conjunction with LTE, such as Ethernet, packet-based microwave and IP. It also covers aspects such as timing and security solutions and presents techniques that can be employed to estimate backhaul requirements and plan for suitable deployments. This course is delivered as a self-paced on-demand distance learning course and features illustrated course books, videos, tests and full tutor support. Who would benefit This course is designed for engineers working for network operators in the planning and implementation of RANs and in particular the backhaul region from the cell tower back to the core network and are looking at the options that exist to provide backhaul solutions suitable for 4G LTE networks. Prerequisites No specific prerequisites for this course although a good understanding of mobile networks and in particular the radio access part of 3GPP based networks. Topic Areas Include Backhaul overview Backhaul planning techniques Defining 4G backhaul requirements Backhaul technologies appropriate for 4G networks Transport network evolution Multi RAT and Multi Operator (MRMO) Synchronization options Cell throughput expectations Industry initiatives and forums Radio to transport QoS mapping VLAN management Backhaul traffic profile Backhaul QoS Planning exercise – cell throughput calculations   On-Demand Online Training Our self-paced on-demand distance learning programmes are accessible on any computer, tablet or smartphone and allow you to study at a time and location that is convenient to you. Each course includes: Illustrated Course Books - featuring leading edge knowledge from subject matter experts. Videos - Detailed videos expand the points covered in the course books, discussing topics in greater depth.  Tutor Support – Dedicated course tutors are available to answer any questions you might have throughout your studies. Formative Assessment - Modules include regular quizzes to support learning by testing your knowledge of the subject matter. Certification– Successfully complete the end of module tests to earn Digital Badges to demonstrate the depth of your knowledge of the topic. Included in Wray Castle Hub This course is also available as part of the Wray Castle Hub. An annual subscription delivers unlimited access to this course and over 500 hours of learning material consisting of 30+ Courses, 190+ Learning Modules, and 1,000+ Videos. Annual Subscription: £1400 (Most cost-effective option) Subscribe to Wray Castle Hub here

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LTE and 5G systems are increasingly important in our lives. These systems have the potential to be the basis of much of our future communications and connected devices. LTE and 5G will be used in all kinds of critical applications where we need to have confidence that our data is safe and protected from attack. The concern of mobile security becomes more critical than ever before. Mobile security describes the measures taken to protect against a wide range of threats that seek to violate our privacy and attack the information stored and sent between our phones and connected devices. This course provides a detailed overview of the security environment developed for LTE and 5G networks in both the access and core network domains. This includes LTE Authentication and Key Agreement (AKA), security procedures and Key derivation for LTE Non-Access Stratum, Access Stratum, Access Network and Core Network security. The course then describes the improvements made in 5G security for both Non-standalone and Standalone Modes, 5G security architectures, 5G key derivation and 5G security contexts, 5G procedures for authentication, key agreement, dual connectivity and interworking. Both roaming and non-roaming scenarios are considered. This self-paced on-demand distance learning course features illustrated course books, videos, tests and full tutor support. Who would benefit This course is designed for engineers, managers and other personnel who have a need to acquire a technical overview of the security environment employed within LTE and 5G networks. It will also be of benefit to those in the wider technical community who have a need to understand the security protocols employed by cellular networks. Prerequisites Attendance on, or equivalent knowledge, LTE Engineering or 5G Engineering would be useful.  Alternatively, experience working in this area of telecoms. Topic Areas Include LTE Security Architecture Authentication and Key Agreement Evolution to 5G 5G Non-Standalone Mode Security 5G Standalone Mode Security

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This course delivers a detailed overview of Internet Protocol networks. Delivering an understanding of Engineering techniques, as well as applications, protocols and switching methods, it enables delegates to work confidently in the IP environment. Other topics explored include QoS, security, VPNS and Multimedia over IP. Who would benefit Those needing to understand how IP networks are designed and implemented. Prerequisites Some knowledge or experience of packet-switched data network operation and Internet technology is beneficial. Topic Areas Include: Background to the Internet and ISPs The Data Link, IP, Transport and Application layers IPv6 The Domain Name System (DNS) Introduction to MPLS Access services E-mail services and web hosting Name servers and heterogeneous networks Peering Routing in IP networks Overview of OSPF and BGP4 IP QoS technologies Security engineering IP VPNs IP multimedia services

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An essential foundation in the core technologies used in fixed, mobile and IP-based telecoms networks. The fundamentals of networking technologies, such as switching, transmission and signalling and the services that they support are discussed. Next generation networking based on an all-IP environment is also included. This self-paced on-demand distance learning course features illustrated course books, videos, tests and full tutor support. Who would benefit Those working in or entering the telecommunications industry who need to understand the functions and services provided by modern networks. Prerequisites Mathematical ability and aptitude for technical subjects, with the intention to progress in a technical role. Topic Areas Include Telecoms evolution Network components and services The PSTN and ISDN: access and core networks Basic analogue and digital information concepts Time division multiplexing and switching techniques Transmission systems: PDH, SDH, WDM and OTN Mobile cellular systems: 2G, 2.5G, 3G and 3.5G Packet-switched techniques IP, Ethernet, the Internet, ISPs and Internet Services Fixed and Mobile Broadband access technologies Next Generation fixed and mobile networks IP Multimedia Subsystem Also available as a Live Online Training Programme, learn more.

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This short online self study course provides delegates with an understanding of how the radio spectrum is managed, the systems that use spectrum and an overview of the technical matters relating to the design of radio systems. It considers how radio technologies have evolved and what is driving this evolution. This self-paced on-demand distance learning course features illustrated course books, videos, tests and full tutor support. Who would benefit Senior executives, managers, regulators, market analysts and marketeers involved in the telecommunications industry who require an understanding of the wide range of issues surrounding the use and management of radio spectrum. Prerequisites This course is designed for those with no technical background. Topic Areas Include How radio spectrum is managed and regulated How radio spectrum is used The concepts of bandwidth and channels An introduction to the characteristics of antennas Radio wave propagation mechanisms The impact of interference and noise Aligning radio applications to frequency bands Overview of radio systems – including 2G, 3G and 4G What is driving the demand for spectrum? Health and Safety issues

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The European Railway Traffic Management System (ERTMS) is a major rail project underway in Europe. The aim is to replace the dissimilar train control systems used in various countries with a common system known as the European Train Control System (ETCS). This course provides an overview of ETCS but focuses on how GSM-R with or without GPRS can be used as a bearer for ETCS signalling. This self-paced on-demand distance learning course features illustrated course books, videos, tests and full tutor support. Part of UIC Rail Academy. Prerequisites Delegates attending this course should be familiar with the principles of GSM-R networks. Topic Areas Include ERTMS Standards and Legislation Basic System Description System Architecture ERTMS Operating Modes ERTMS/ETCS Protocols Circuit Switched Signalling Circuit Switched Connections GPRS for ETCS The GPRS Air Interface GPRS Procedures Transmission through the Network Radio Network Optimization Certified by Institution of Railway Signal Engineers (IRSE) The Institution of Railway Signal Engineers (IRSE) certifies that the syllabus for the ERTMS/ETCS for Radio Engineers course is appropriate for meeting the stated objectives of that course. For more information about the scope of the certification process provided by the IRSE please see the IRSE website www.irse.org. On-Demand Online Training Our self-paced on-demand distance learning programmes are accessible on any computer, tablet or smartphone and allow you to study at a time and location that is convenient to you. Each course includes: Illustrated Course Books - featuring leading edge knowledge from subject matter experts. Videos - Detailed videos expand the points covered in the course books, discussing topics in greater depth.  Tutor Support – Dedicated course tutors are available to answer any questions you might have throughout your studies. Formative Assessment - Modules include regular quizzes to support learning  Certification– Successfully complete the end of module tests to  to demonstrate the depth of your knowledge of the topic. Also available as a Live Online Training Programme, learn more.

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With SA 5G, we witness the evolution of mobile networks, from being reliant on legacy infrastructure, to achieving true independence - and unlocking unprecedented capabilities that enables 5G to support a much wider range of industrial use cases. In this course, we guide you through the benefits and challenges of deploying Standalone 5G, exploring its architectural advancements, unique features, and the benefits it brings to both consumers and businesses. We then highlight the enhanced capabilities and expanded use cases made possible by key technology enablers - including network slicing, edge computing, virtualization, non-terrestrial networks (NTNs), network exposure, and network automation. We discuss the impact of 5G SA for network operators, service providers, and enterprises - exploring the opportunities and challenges that arise in the deployment and management of advanced 5G networks. Who Would Benefit Ideal for anyone needing clarity on 5G trajectory – including capabilities & use cases Prerequisites A basic appreciation of the telecoms landscape – both technical and business Course Contents                             5G Base Capabilities  A Business Perspective 5G Standalone (SA)  5G Enablers for Industry

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This 5G Technologies, Services and Markets on-demand course is a non-technical introduction to the 5G mobile communication system, including its capabilities, general structure and operation, as well as its position as a development of previous technologies. The course also covers the place that 5G holds in the telecommunications market, and how that is developing. This self-paced on-demand distance learning course features illustrated course books, videos, tests and full tutor support. Who would benefit This course is intended for non-technical professionals either new to, or already working in, the mobile or fixed telecommunications sector. Prerequisites No technical knowledge is assumed but some familiarity with the telecommunications industry would be beneficial. Topic Areas Include Introduction to 5G Market drivers for 5G Use cases for 5G Performance objectives and spectrum requirements Concepts and key features of 5G Architecture of the core and radio access networks of 5G Voice services in 5G Key industry and market players Standardisation and timelines for 3GPP and the ITU 5G, LTE and Wi-Fi – a holistic approach

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This 5G Engineering Overview on-demand course is a technical overview of 5G. The course includes the design goals and development schedule for 5G, and the principles and architecture of the 5G air interface, radio access network and core network. This self-paced on-demand distance learning course features illustrated course books, videos, tests and full tutor support. Who would benefit This course is intended for engineers either new to, or already working in, mobile communications. Prerequisites Familiarity with telecommunications and general engineering terminology is assumed. Some understanding of LTE cellular systems would be beneficial. Topic Areas Include 5G introduction and key features Standardisation and timelines for 3GPP and the ITU Use cases and performance objectives Radio spectrum and millimetre wave communications Principles of radio transmission and reception in 5G Radio access network architecture Non standalone and standalone deployment options Core network architecture Network function virtualisation and network slicing Interworking and compatibility between 5G, LTE and Wi-Fi

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The heart of any cell planning process begins with coverage and capacity estimations, this course will guide you through the variables that impact both coverage and capacity and provides practical worked examples for a variety of scenarios. As well as the planning process it is also important to understand the RF KPIs and measurements that determine link performance, the essential signals and measurement techniques of the NR are covered in this training as well as a detailed look at parameters that affect the random access process, location management and PCI planning. At the conclusion of this training the student will be well versed in the theory and practice of 5G cell planning with a good understanding of both the principles and application of planning techniques. This self-paced on-demand distance learning course features illustrated course books, videos, tests and full tutor support. Who Would Benefit This course is intended for network planning engineers, who wish to learn about the issues that are involved when planning radio access networks for 5G. Prerequisites The course assumes familiarity with telecommunication systems and with the principles of radio network planning. Some understanding of radio network planning for LTE, and of the 5G air interface, would be beneficial. Topic Areas Include Fundamentals of the 5G Air Interface Link Budget Estimation Coverage Estimation Fundamentals of the 5G Air Interface Link Budget Estimation Coverage Estimation

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Fibre optics are the foundation of today’s digital networks, enabling everything from high-speed broadband to 5G backhaul and critical infrastructure. This self-paced online course provides a clear introduction to fibre technology, covering both the benefits and the challenges of deployment. You’ll explore the fundamentals of light and optical transmission, fibre structures and cable types, as well as the tools and components used in real networks. Practical topics include splicing, termination, inspection, OTDR testing, troubleshooting, and safety best practices. The course combines expert-written study guides, video tutorials, and regular quizzes to reinforce learning, with certification available through a digital badge awarded for successful completion. With two structured modules – Fibre Optic Networks: Building Blocks and Fibre Optic Networks: Testing and Troubleshooting – this course is ideal for newcomers to fibre optics or professionals seeking a solid technical grounding. Course Contents Fibre Optic Networks: Building Blocks  Fundamentals of Light Propagation Fibre Optic Basics Optical Cable Types and Applications Fusion and Mechanical Splicing Optical Connectors and Fibre Termination Passive Optical Components Active Optical Components Fibre Optic Networks  Fibre Optic Networks: Testing and Troubleshooting Connector Inspection and Cleaning Optical Power Meter and Light Source Optical Time Domain Reflectometer Optical Network Troubleshooting Safety Best Practices

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6-Month Telecoms Training Subscription Package with Unlimited access to 500+ hours of key training material Empower your professional development by building your knowledge of key technology and business topics within the telecoms industry.  Unlimited access to future new courses that will cover the latest technology developments as they are added to Hub throughout your 12-month subscription period. Endlessly flexible and applicable to any role within the telecoms industry a subscription to Wray Castle Hub is your ultimate learning resource. You can choose to follow one of our suggested learning pathways, build your own or dip into the learning material module by module. The Wray Castle Hub is also available as an Annual Subscription for £1,400. Learn more here.

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This concise executive briefing provides a high-level overview of the Future Railway Mobile Communication System (FRMCS), the next-generation communication standard for railways, is designed to assist executives seeking to understand the impact and opportunities arising from this new technology. The course explains what FRMCS is, the implication of some of the technical changes on the requirements for physical assets, why it is essential, and the implementation timeline for the migration from GSM-R. Participants will explore the architectural framework, key challenges in deployment, and the business opportunities it presents. Designed for busy executives, this course delivers practical insights in an accessible format.Prerequisites No prior knowledge of FRMCS, GSM-R, or telecommunications is required. This course is designed for those new to the topic, ensuring all acronyms are explained, and foundational concepts are introduced. Who Would Benefit Executives outside of rail companies charged with understanding the business impact or opportunity of FRMCS to their business, for example those already working in the railway ecosystem, those seeking business development opportunities in the rail sector, or those within the telecommunications sector seeking to explore the opportunity offered by FRMCS.  Sales professionals preparing for client meetings or presentations involving railway communication systems. Business development / strategy development executives / managers exploring opportunities in the rail and telecom sectors. Policy-makers and regulators overseeing railway digitalisation efforts.Engineers and project managers who need a foundational understanding of FRMCS to support project planning or cross-functional collaboration. Course Contents Introduction GSM-R: The Context Why GSM Needs Replacement Introducing FRMCS FRMCS Challenges Stakeholders and Business Opportunities Timeline rail

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This course is aimed at non-technical people or those in management roles that need an introduction to FRMCS. It outlines the need for FRMCS and introduces the standards that are required. The course also discusses the issues with the current radio spectrum allocations and how FRMCS and GSM-R may co-exist in the rollout phase. Also discussed the technology known as 5G that will be an integral part of FRMCS. Now fully updated to include FRMCS V2 specifications Part of UIC Rail Academy Course Contents FRMCS – An Introduction FRMCS Reference Architecture 5G Mission Critical Architecture and Procedures Radio Planning and Migration MCVideo Certified by Institution of Railway Signal Engineers (IRSE) The Institution of Railway Signal Engineers (IRSE) certifies that the syllabus for the FRMCS Overview course is appropriate for meeting the stated objectives of that course. For more information about the scope of the certification process provided by the IRSE please see the IRSE website www.irse.org. Also available as an instructor-led course, learn more

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Data networks form the backbone of all modern communication systems. Whether you're working in telecoms, IT, or a related field, a solid understanding of networking fundamentals is essential for navigating today’s connected world. This short, single-module course provides a clear and accessible introduction to how data networks operate, laying the groundwork for further study in networking, internet technologies, or telecommunications. In just three hours, you'll explore the foundational concepts of computer networking, starting with the purpose and structure of data networks and the key terms you need to know. You'll learn about how packet-switching enables efficient data transfer, how the Ethernet protocol supports local area networks, and how the TCP/IP model underpins communication across the internet. The course also introduces you to key internet operations and services, providing insight into how global connectivity is achieved and managed. Whether you're new to networking or seeking a refresher, this course gives you the essential knowledge you need to understand how data moves reliably and efficiently across modern digital systems.Designed for technical professionals and learners with little or no prior experience, this course is the perfect starting point for anyone looking to build confidence in the principles of data networking. Course Contents                         Background to Computer Networking Packet-Switching Principles The Ethernet Protocol TCP-IP Internet Operations and Services

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As 5G networks become more open, intelligent, and disaggregated, understanding the Open Radio Access Network (O-RAN) is essential for professionals working in mobile network design, deployment, and optimisation. This short, single-module course provides a concise yet comprehensive introduction to O-RAN and its critical role in modern 5G networks. In just three hours, you’ll explore the key architectural and functional components that make O-RAN unique. The course begins with an overview of 3GPP architectural options and how they lay the foundation for NG-RAN deployments. You’ll then examine the principles of RAN functionality and protocols before diving into the detailed architecture of NG-RAN and O-RAN. You’ll gain a solid understanding of functional split options—crucial for enabling multi-vendor interoperability—as well as the differences between traditional and open RAN deployments. The course explains the high-level and logical architectures of O-RAN, including the roles of the Central Unit (CU), Distributed Unit (DU), and Radio Unit (RU), and how open interfaces and intelligent controllers reshape how networks are managed.Additional topics include the application of Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning in O-RAN, the concept of the O-RAN white box, and critical considerations around fronthaul, backhaul, and interfaces like CPRI and eCPRI. Designed for technical professionals looking for a clear and accessible introduction to O-RAN, this course equips you with the essential knowledge needed to understand the future of radio access networks. Course Contents                         3GPP RAN Architecture for 5G 3GPP Architectural Options RAN Functionality and Protocols NG-RAN Architecture Split Options O-RAN, O-RAN Operations and Maintenance High Level O-RAN Architecture Logical Architecture of O-RAN Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning O-RAN White Box Backhaul CPRI and eCPRI

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Cloud computing has revolutionised how individuals, businesses, and governments access, store, and manage data. Whether you're supporting IT operations, planning digital services, or simply want to better understand this vital part of today’s technology landscape, this short, single-module course introduces the core concepts and services that define the cloud. In just three hours, you’ll start by answering the fundamental question: What is ‘The Cloud’? From there, you’ll explore the most widely used service models—SaaS (Software as a Service), PaaS (Platform as a Service), and IaaS (Infrastructure as a Service)—and how they support different user needs. The course explains how these service models compare, what they enable, and why businesses increasingly rely on them for agility, scalability, and cost-efficiency. You’ll also learn how cloud-based services are used in home and office environments and get an overview of the major cloud service providers and the roles they play in the broader ecosystem. Designed for professionals across telecoms, IT, and business functions, this course provides a practical, jargon-free entry point into the world of cloud services—perfect for anyone needing a clear understanding of cloud concepts without diving into deep technical detail. Course Contents; What is ‘The Cloud’ Types of Cloud Service Cloud Service Models and SaaS PaaS and IaaS Service Models – How Do They Compare Cloud-based Home and Office Services Cloud Service Providers  

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Course Code: WR2305 A concise course on interpreting TowerCo Master Services Agreements, focusing on telecommunications industry contracts. While this course is not a substitute for legal advice, it will empower you to understand and navigate these complex agreements, covering topics from the importance of contracts to verifying agreement accuracy, contract validity, proactive contract management, and an in-depth exploration of typical contract sections. By the end of this course, you'll be equipped to make informed decisions and safeguard your organisation's interests. Course Contents: Contractual fundamentals Jargon buster approach Cellsite outsourcing in context Importance of proactive contract management to avoid costly disputes Generic form of a TowerCo Master Services Agreement Authority Matrixes

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Understanding the protocols that underpin 5G Standalone (SA) deployments is critical for anyone involved in mobile network design, deployment, or troubleshooting. This single-module course provides a practical overview of the key signalling and user plane protocols that enable communication within the 5G system. In just three hours, you'll explore how 5G SA uses modern service-based interfaces, with a focus on HTTP/2 and JSON for communication between core network functions. You'll also learn about protocol roles such as PFCP for user plane control, GTPv2-C for EPC interworking, and NAS protocols for direct signalling with the user equipment. The course also covers the essential signalling protocols in the NG-RAN, including NG-AP, Xn-AP, F1-AP, E1-AP, and RRC - critical for coordinating activity across the RAN and between the RAN and core. On the user plane, you’ll examine how data transport is managed using PDU sessions, and how session types (IP, Ethernet, Unstructured) are established and handled. You’ll also gain an understanding of QoS Flows, with parameters such as 5QI and ARP used to deliver differentiated service levels. This course is ideal for technical professionals who need a working knowledge of 5G SA protocol architecture, signalling behaviour, and data transport mechanisms - without going deep into packet-level analysis. Course Contents                         PDU Sessions and QoS Flows 5G QoS Parameters, ARP and 5QI Implementation of PDU Sessions IP PDU Session Types, IP Ethernet and Unstructured Multiple PDU Sessions Anchors Reflective QoS User Plane Protocol Stack Core Network Signalling Overview Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) HTTP 2 and JSON_2 Non-Access Stratum (NAS) and Access Stratum (AS) Protocols Next Generation Radio Access Network (NG-RAN) Signalling Protocols Overview RAN Protocols for the NG, FI, E1 and Xn Interfaces RAN User Plane Protocol

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As 5G networks continue to expand and evolve, a solid understanding of the 5G Radio Access Network (RAN) is essential for those involved in mobile network planning, deployment, or operations. This short, single-module course provides a focused overview of the 5G RAN architecture and the key features that distinguish it from previous generations. In just three hours, you'll explore the structure of the 5G RAN, including the role of the gNB (Next Generation Node B) and its functional split into Centralised Units (CUs) and Distributed Units (DUs). The course explains the key interfaces - NG, Xn, F1, and E1 - that enable communication between RAN components, other base stations, and the core network. You'll also gain insight into different deployment scenarios such as Dual Connectivity (DC) and Multi-RAT Dual Connectivity (MR-DC), which allow 5G to coexist and coordinate with legacy networks. Additionally, the course covers the evolution of the fronthaul interface from CPRI to eCPRI, the importance of backhaul capacity, and the need for precise timing and synchronisation in high-performance 5G networks. Designed for technical professionals needing a clear and accessible introduction to 5G RAN architecture, this course delivers the essential concepts required to understand and engage with today’s 5G radio access technologies. Course Contents                         5G RAN Overview Dual Connectivity (DC) 5G non-Standalone and Standalone Options RAN Options EN-DC NGEN-DC and NE-DC RAN User Plane Connectivity RAN Control Plane Connectivity gNB Architecture Centralized and Distributed Deployments Common Public Radio Interface (CPRI) and eCPRI Fronthaul and Backhaul Requirements Synchronisation Requirements

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As 5G networks mature, a solid grasp of the procedures that govern how devices and network functions interact is essential for professionals working in planning, operations, or optimisation. This short course offers a technical overview of the core signalling and operational procedures in 5G Standalone (SA) networks. In just three hours, you'll explore how 5G procedures have evolved - from initial deployments that relied on LTE signalling to fully native 5G implementations across both the core and radio access network. The course covers the step-by-step processes involved in device registration, network function discovery, and session establishment and modification. You'll also gain insight into mobility management procedures, including how 5G handles transitions between different UE states - idle, connected, and inactive - and how it manages tasks like cell selection, registration updates, service requests, and handovers. The role of the Radio Resource Control (RRC) protocol in managing radio connections, reporting measurements, and supporting dual connectivity scenarios is also explained. This course is designed to provide technical professionals with a foundational understanding of how 5G devices and networks interact through signalling and procedure flows, forming the basis for reliable service delivery in real-world deployments. Course Contents 5G Procedures NF Service Registration, Discovery, Subscription and Notification Power-on Procedures Registration Procedure PDU Session Establishment Server-triggered PDU Session Modification and QoS Flow Establishment Change of PDU Session Anchor Mobility Management and Registration Update UE Triggered Service Request Procedure RNA Update and RRC Transitions Xn-based Handover Procedure Addition of a Secondary Node Access Network Release Procedure Signalling Procedures RRC Signalling Overview NSA and SA RRC Reconfiguration Message Overview RRC Measurements Procedures MR-DC Procedures

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Mobility and state management are at the heart of delivering seamless connectivity in 5G networks. This short, single-module course provides a technical overview of how the 5G Next Generation Radio Access Network (NG-RAN) manages UE mobility and RRC state transitions through signalling interactions. In just three hours, you'll explore how devices move between key RRC states - RRC_IDLE, RRC_INACTIVE, and RRC_CONNECTED - and how signalling flows coordinate these transitions between the UE, gNBs, and core network functions such as the AMF, SMF, and UPF. The course covers a range of mobility procedures, including intra- and inter-gNB handovers, with a focus on signalling, context management, and data forwarding. You'll also learn how dual connectivity is managed, including the addition and release of secondary nodes. Designed for technical professionals who need a solid introduction to how 5G NG-RAN handles mobility and signalling, this course equips you with the essential knowledge required to understand and troubleshoot mobility-related behaviour in live 5G networks. Course Contents Idle Mode RRC Connected Mode RRC Inactive Mode RRC Connected Additional Handovers Secondary Nodes Final Transitions

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As mobile networks transition to full 5G Standalone deployments, understanding the 5G Core (5GC) is essential for engineers and technical professionals involved in network design, deployment, or support. This single-module course offers a concise but comprehensive introduction to the 5G Core Network Architecture. In just three hours, you’ll explore the key building blocks of the 5G Core, including the main network functions such as the UDM, AMF, SMF, and UPF, and their roles in managing subscriber data, mobility, sessions, and user traffic. The module also explains important network and UE identifiers, tracking area concepts, and the role of service-based interfaces in enabling 5G’s flexibility. You’ll gain insight into how 5G supports roaming, interworks with legacy EPC networks, and introduces network slicing—a powerful concept that allows the same physical network to support a wide variety of use cases with different performance requirements. This course is ideal for those who need a technical overview of the 5G Core without going deep into protocol-level detail, and serves as a foundation for further learning or practical application in 5G projects. Course Contents 5G Core Network Functions Overview Reference Point Architecture 5G Roaming Architectures Service Based Architecture Service Based Interface Concepts 5G Core Network Functions Data Storage Architecture Interworking and Migration Non-3GPP Access 5G Identities Identities for Network Slicing TAC and RAN Identites

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This course provides a comprehensive and accessible overview of Web APIs - essential tools for enabling communication between modern software systems. It starts with the basics, defining what APIs are and unpacking the components of an API call, before exploring architectural styles including REST, SOAP, GraphQL, and gRPC. You’ll trace the evolution of APIs and gain insight into key protocols such as HTTP/1.1, HTTP/2, and HTTP/3, as well as common data formats like JSON, XML, and YAML. The course also covers important API standards and specifications such as OpenAPI and AsyncAPI, introduces widely used tools like Swagger and Postman, and outlines core security mechanisms including API Keys, OAuth 2.0, JWT, and OIDC. With structured reading content, visual explanations via short videos, quizzes, FAQs, and a final assessment, this course equips you with the foundational knowledge needed to understand and work with Web APIs in real-world applications. Course Contents Introduction to API Web API Core Protocols API Standards and Specifications API Tools API Security

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The 5G New Radio (NR) air interface lies at the heart of 5G’s transformative capabilities, enabling high data rates, low latency, and the flexibility to support a wide range of services - from enhanced mobile broadband to ultra-reliable low-latency communications and massive IoT. Unlike previous generations, 5G NR has been designed from the ground up without the constraint of backward compatibility, freeing it to address the diverse and demanding requirements of next-generation mobile networks. This course offers a technical deep dive into the architecture and operation of the 5G air interface. It explores how key design decisions - such as the adoption of flexible OFDMA, use of millimetre wave frequencies, large-scale antenna arrays, and adaptable subcarrier spacing - combine to deliver major improvements in spectral and energy efficiency. You'll also learn how 5G NR accommodates a wide variety of use cases through its advanced protocol stack, modulation schemes, duplexing methods, and dynamic bandwidth configurations. By the end of the course, participants will understand the principles behind 5G NR’s physical layer, its use of spectrum (including FR1 and FR2 bands), and the challenges and opportunities associated with operating at high radio frequencies. Whether you're a telecom engineer, network architect, or systems analyst, this course provides the foundational knowledge needed to work confidently with the 5G air interface. Course Contents                         5G Objective and Performance Requirements Air Interface Protocol Stack Wireless Capacity Growth 5G Spectrum Overview TDD and FDD Overview Millimeter Wave and Antenna Overview mmWave Propagation Characteristics Capacity and Modulation Principles of Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA) Inter-Symbol-Interference Bandwidth Parts Time Domain Structure PHY Resource Grid Physical Channels and Signals

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Discover how 5G Advanced, beginning with 3GPP Release 18, significantly enhances network capabilities and prepares infrastructure for future demands. Who Would Benefit This course is ideal for telecom professionals, network engineers, product managers, and anyone involved in strategic planning or technical implementation within telecommunications and related industries who require a concise overview of the improvements 5G Advanced introduces, along with an examination of the specific features and how they enhance their respective industries. Course Contents                         Introduction 5G Advanced – Base Capability Improvements Specific 5G Advanced Features

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Transformative Training Powered by IEEE and Wray Castle Powered by the joint expertise of IEEE and Wray Castle, the 5G/6G Essential Protocols & Procedures Training and Innovation Testbed offers a comprehensive exploration of 5G’s most crucial protocols and procedures. This cutting-edge course blends robust theory with hands-on practice via the IEEE 5G/6G Innovation Testbed - a secure, cloud-based platform providing end-to-end 5G network testing capabilities. The Key Protocols & Procedures Putting Theory Immediately into Practice 5G Registration Process - Identities, Authentication, Subscriber Data Network Functions & Interactions - UDM, UDR, PCF, AMF, SMF, UPF PDU Session Establishment - End-to-End signaling and network slicing PFCP & N4 Signaling -Policy and Session Management in 5G Specifically designed for: System engineers and integrators Engineers working with operation, optimization, and troubleshooting Technical professionals responsible for 5G System signaling

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