Search results for "volte"

Our LTE Voice (VoLTE) training course is designed to provide a comprehensive technical understanding of how VoIP services are delivered using LTE and the IP Multimedia Subsystem. This course is ideal for engineering and technical management professionals looking to gain in-depth knowledge of the options available in LTE for delivering voice and real-time traffic through VoIP.  Topics covered in this course include a technical overview of LTE, introduction to LTE voice options, IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) overview, Voice over LTE (VoLTE) system architecture, VoLTE protocols, services, and codecs, VoLTE call setup procedures, SRVCC, SMS delivery over IMS, VoLTE emergency calls, and Voice over Wi-Fi.  This self-paced on-demand distance learning course features illustrated course books, videos, tests and full tutor support. Who would benefit This course is suitable for engineering and technical management staff who require a technical description of the options that exist in LTE for delivering voice and other real-time traffic types by means of VoIP. Prerequisites Attendance on this course assumes previous attendance on the LTE Engineering Overview course (LT3600) or equivalent basic LTE knowledge (although a recap of basic LTE architecture and concepts is provided at the start of the course) and also assumes a working knowledge of IP. Topic Areas Include Technical overview of LTE Introduction to the options for LTE voice Technical overview of the IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) System architecture for Voice over LTE (VoLTE) VoLTE protocols, services and codecs VoLTE power-on and registration procedures VoLTE call setup procedures Access domain selection Single Radio Voice Call Continuity (SRVCC) Delivery of SMS messages over the IMS VoLTE emergency calls Voice over Wi-Fi

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Our LTE Voice (VoLTE) training course is designed to provide a comprehensive technical understanding of how VoIP services are delivered using LTE and the IP Multimedia Subsystem. This course is ideal for engineering and technical management professionals looking to gain in-depth knowledge of the options available in LTE for delivering voice and real-time traffic through VoIP.  Topics covered in this course include a technical overview of LTE, introduction to LTE voice options, IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) overview, Voice over LTE (VoLTE) system architecture, VoLTE protocols, services, and codecs, VoLTE call setup procedures, SRVCC, SMS delivery over IMS, VoLTE emergency calls, and Voice over Wi-Fi.  Whether you're new to LTE or looking to enhance your existing knowledge, our 2-day course provide a detailed exploration of VoLTE technology. Join us to expand your expertise and stay ahead in the rapidly evolving world of telecommunications. Who would benefit This course is suitable for engineering and technical management staff who require a technical description of the options that exist in LTE for delivering voice and other real-time traffic types by means of VoIP. Prerequisites Attendance on this course assumes previous attendance on the LTE Engineering Overview course (LT3600) or equivalent basic LTE knowledge (although a recap of basic LTE architecture and concepts is provided at the start of the course) and also assumes a working knowledge of IP. Topic Areas Include Technical overview of LTE Introduction to the options for LTE voice Technical overview of the IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) System architecture for Voice over LTE (VoLTE) VoLTE protocols, services and codecs VoLTE power-on and registration procedures VoLTE call setup procedures Access domain selection Single Radio Voice Call Continuity (SRVCC) Delivery of SMS messages over the IMS VoLTE emergency calls Voice over Wi-Fi Also available as a Self-Study Online Learning Programme, learn more.

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Our LTE Voice Options and Operations Training Course (Course Code: LT1002) is designed to provide a comprehensive technical understanding of the methods available for delivering voice services over LTE networks. This 3-day course is ideal for engineering and technical management professionals seeking in-depth knowledge of LTE voice delivery and real-time traffic handling. Participants will gain insight into LTE voice options, CS fallback architecture, IMS, VoLTE protocols, SRVCC, voice over Wi-Fi, and more. Prerequisites for this course include prior attendance at the LTE Engineering Overview course (LT3600) or equivalent basic LTE knowledge, as well as a working understanding of IP. Our expert instructors will provide a recap of basic LTE concepts at the beginning of the course to ensure all participants are on the same page. By the end of the training, attendees will have a solid grasp of LTE voice delivery methods and the technical intricacies involved in offering voice services over LTE networks. Join us for our LTE Voice Options and Operations Training Course to enhance your technical skills and stay ahead in the rapidly evolving world of telecommunications. Gain valuable insights into the latest advancements in LTE voice technology and learn how to effectively implement voice services over LTE networks. Don't miss this opportunity to expand your knowledge and expertise in LTE voice operations. Who would benefit This course is suitable for engineering and technical management staff who require a technical description of the options that exist in LTE for delivering voice and other real-time traffic types, that would traditionally have been carried by Circuit Switched (CS) technologies. Prerequisites Attendance on this course assumes previous attendance on the LTE Engineering Overview course (LT3600) or equivalent basic LTE knowledge (although a recap of basic LTE architecture and concepts is provided at the start of the course) and also assumes a working knowledge of IP. Topic Areas Include Technical overview of LTE Introduction to the options for LTE voice CS fallback architecture and protocols CS fallback attach and call setup procedures Technical overview of the IMS System architecture for Voice over LTE (VoLTE) VoLTE protocols, services and codecs VoLTE power-on and registration procedures VoLTE call setup procedures Access domain selection Single Radio Voice Call Continuity (SRVCC) Delivery of SMS messages over the IMS VoLTE emergency calls Voice over Wi-Fi [Optional] Voice over LTE by Generic Access (VoLGA)

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Our LTE Voice and IMS Overview training course  is designed to provide a comprehensive technical understanding of the IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) and how it is utilized for delivering VoIP services over LTE networks. This 3-day course is ideal for engineering and technical management professionals seeking in-depth knowledge of LTE voice delivery and real-time traffic handling. Participants will gain insights into various topics including LTE technical overview, SIP and SDP protocols, IMS architecture and operation, VoLTE system architecture, protocols, services, and codecs, as well as emergency call procedures and Voice over Wi-Fi. Prerequisites for this course include prior attendance of our LTE Engineering Overview course  or equivalent basic LTE knowledge, along with a working understanding of IP. By enrolling in our LTE Voice and IMS Overview training, participants will enhance their expertise in LTE voice delivery mechanisms and gain valuable insights into the operation of the IP Multimedia Subsystem. Stay ahead in the rapidly evolving telecommunications industry with our specialized training designed to equip you with the necessary skills and knowledge for successful implementation of VoIP services over LTE networks. Who would benefit This course is suitable for engineering and technical management staff who require a technical description of the options that exist in LTE and the IP multimedia subsystem for delivering voice and other real-time traffic types, that would traditionally have been carried by Circuit-Switched (CS) technologies. Prerequisites Attendance on this course assumes previous attendance on the LTE Engineering Overview course (LT3600) or equivalent basic LTE knowledge (although a recap of basic LTE architecture and concepts is provided at the start of the course) and also assumes a working knowledge of IP. Topic Areas Include Technical overview of LTE Introduction to the options for LTE voice Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) Session Description Protocol (SDP) Architecture and operation of the IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) Control and user plane functions of the IMS Service delivery in the IMS System architecture for Voice over LTE (VoLTE) VoLTE protocols, services and codecs VoLTE power-on and registration procedures VoLTE call setup procedures Access domain selection Single Radio Voice Call Continuity (SRVCC) Delivery of SMS messages over the IMS VoLTE emergency calls Voice over Wi-Fi

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LTE Voice Overview Training Course provides a comprehensive technical introduction to LTE voice methods. This course is designed for engineering and technical management professionals who need a clear understanding of the options available for delivering voice services over LTE networks. Participants will gain insight into the architecture, protocols, and codecs for Voice over LTE (VoLTE), as well as learn about CS fallback, IMS, SRVCC, and other key topics related to LTE voice technology. Prerequisites for attending this course include prior completion of the LTE Engineering Overview course or equivalent basic knowledge of LTE. However, a recap of fundamental LTE concepts and architecture is provided at the beginning of the training session. By the end of the 1-day course, participants will have a solid understanding of LTE voice technologies and procedures, including power-on, registration, call setup, SMS, emergency calls, and Voice over Wi-Fi. Enhance your expertise in LTE voice with this informative and practical training course. Who would benefit This course is suitable for engineering and technical management staff who require a concise introduction to the options that exist in LTE for the delivery of voice services. Prerequisites Attendance on this course assumes previous attendance on the LTE Engineering Overview course (LT3600) or equivalent basic LTE knowledge (although a recap of basic LTE architecture and concepts is provided at the start of the course). Topic Areas Include Technical overview of LTE Introduction to the options for LTE voice Architecture and operation of CS fallback Overview of the IMS System architecture, protocols and codecs for Voice over LTE (VoLTE) VoLTE procedures for power-on, registration and call setup Single Radio Voice Call Continuity (SRVCC) Additional topics such as SMS, emergency calls and Voice over Wi-Fi

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Course Summary An introduction to the changes required in the techniques, skill sets and tools for planning LTE networks. This includes link budgets, mixed traffic dimensioning, coverage considerations and tool configuration parameters. All aspects are reinforced through classroom exercises and planning-tool illustrations. Our Cell Planning for LTE Networks training course is designed to provide participants with the necessary skills and knowledge to plan LTE networks effectively. Over the course of 2 days, attendees will learn about LTE planning philosophy, coverage planning, link budgets, LTE cell parameters, RACH planning, traffic analysis, dimensioning for capacity, frequency planning, planning for VoLTE, predictions and simulations, co-siting issues with legacy technologies, and RF exposure limits. Through a combination of classroom exercises and planning-tool illustrations, participants will gain a comprehensive understanding of the changes required in techniques, skill sets, and tools for planning LTE networks. This course is ideal for individuals involved in cell planning, configuration, or optimization of LTE-based networks. It assumes existing knowledge of basic cell planning principles and familiarity with the cell planning role. By the end of the training, participants will be equipped with the necessary tools and techniques to effectively plan LTE networks and ensure optimal performance. Join us for this insightful and practical training course to enhance your skills and expertise in LTE network planning. Who would benefit This course is intended for those involved in cell planning, configuration or optimization of LTE-based networks. Prerequisites This course assumes existing knowledge of basic cell planning principles and familiarity with the cell planning role. Topic Areas Include LTE planning philosophy Coverage planning and link budgets LTE cell parameters RACH planning Traffic analysis Dimensioning for capacity Frequency planning Planning for VoLTE Predictions and simulations Co-siting issues with legacy technologies RF Exposure limits Includes exercises.

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Our IMS Overview Training Course is designed to provide participants with a solid foundational understanding of the IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) and its role in Next Generation Networking. This course offers an overview of the IMS architecture, including security, charging, and Policy and Charging Control (PCC), as well as an analysis of the main protocols associated with the IMS. Participants will also gain insights into IMS registration and session control procedures, along with a brief overview of the applications enabled by the IMS. This course serves as an ideal introduction to the IMS for those who do not require the in-depth coverage provided in our 3-day IMS and SIP course. Ideal for individuals looking to enhance their understanding of the IMS architecture and operation, particularly in relation to VoLTE, as well as those seeking an introduction to SIP, this course covers a range of topic areas. Participants will explore concepts such as the IMS framework, protocols used by the IMS, CSCFs and HSS roles, SIP basics, IMS architecture, online and offline charging, policy control and charging, and more. By the end of this training, participants will have a comprehensive understanding of the IMS and its key components, making them well-equipped to navigate the evolving landscape of Next Generation Networking. Who would benefit This session is for those aiming to better understand the architecture and operation of the IMS, potentially in relation to VoLTE, as well as those looking for an introduction to SIP. Prerequisites An understanding of packet switched domains in LTE, GPRS and UMTS networks and their functionality is an advantage. Topic Areas Include What is the IMS and why do we need it? The IMS Framework simplified Protocols used by the IMS IMS architecture, interfaces, operation and procedures Roles of the CSCFs and HSS What is the Session initiation Protocol (SIP)? SIP User location and Session Control Basic Concepts Session Establishment using a SIP Architecture SIP Routing Introduction to the IMS Architecture The CSCFs’ Roaming and Non-Roaming Architecture Call Session Control Functions (CSCFs) Circuit Switched interworking The Media Resource Function (MRF) Introduction to Border Control IMS Security aspects Online and Offline Charging Policy Control and Charging (PCC) The role of SIP, SDP and RTP in the IMS IMS Registration Principles and Authentication Voice over LTE (VoLTE) Emergency Call Architecture and Procedure Rich Communication Suite (RCS)

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Multi-Access Edge Computing (MEC) is a cutting-edge technology that brings computation and data storage closer to the end-users, enabling faster processing and reduced latency. Our MEC training course dives deep into the MEC architecture, enabling technologies such as Cloud, NFV, and 4G/5G, and explores real-world MEC use cases. Led by industry expert John Timms, this course provides a comprehensive overview of MEC standards and APIs, as well as hands-on experience in developing MEC applications and services. With a focus on practical applications and collaborative methods, participants will gain valuable insights into building MEC solutions and conducting proof of concept studies. Whether you are new to MEC or looking to enhance your existing knowledge, this 2-day online training course is designed to equip you with the skills and expertise needed to succeed in the rapidly evolving field of Multi-Access Edge Computing. Don't miss this opportunity to learn from a seasoned professional and take your MEC knowledge to the next level. Topic Areas Include Introduction Enabling Technologies (Cloud and NFV) Enabling Technologies (4G/5G) MEC Architecture Use Cases MEC standards and APIs Annex A Detailed Use Case Study   Speaker: John Timms John Timms is an experienced trainer in IP, VoIP, IPTV, NFV/SDN and IMS/LTE Core.  John is also a former Telemanagement Forum Subject Matter Expert and specialist in QoE for VoIP/VoLTE and IP video services.

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Our LTE Evolved Packet Core Network Training Course is designed to provide a comprehensive technical understanding of the Evolved Packet Core (EPC) for LTE systems. In this course, participants will learn about EPC architecture, interfaces, service provision concepts, application of IP technologies, overall protocol architectures, and optionally, a review of IMS functionality Engineers and other staff involved with switching or transmission architecture, optimization, network management, network testing, or monitoring of the EPC would greatly benefit from this training. Participants are expected to have an engineering background with some knowledge of core network technologies, including IP. Experience with 2G or 3G systems would also be beneficial for a better understanding of the course material. The course covers a wide range of topic areas, including the high-level architecture of LTE, functions of key EPC components like MME, S-GW, PDN-GW, HSS, and PCRF, LTE state diagrams, inter-operation with 2G, 3G, and non-3GPP networks, voice options for LTE, principles of bearers and Quality of Service (QoS), data transport in the EPC, policy and charging control architecture, IETF and 3GPP protocols in the EPC, power-on procedures, UE procedures in idle and connected modes, enhancements in LTE-Advanced, and optionally, an overview of the functions and architecture of the IMS. This self-paced on-demand distance learning course features illustrated course books, videos, tests and full tutor support. Who would benefit Engineers and other staff involved with switching or transmission architecture, optimization, network management, network testing or monitoring of the EPC. Prerequisites An engineering background with some knowledge of core network technologies, including IP, is assumed. Experience of 2G or 3G systems would be beneficial. Topic Areas Include High level architecture of LTE Functions of the MME, S-GW, PDN-GW, HSS and PCRF LTE state diagrams Inter-operation with 2G, 3G and non-3GPP networks Voice options for LTE Principles of bearers and Quality of Service (QoS) Data transport in the EPC Policy and charging control architecture IETF protocols in the EPC, including SCTP, DiffServ and Diameter 3GPP protocols in the EPC, including GTP and S1-AP Power-on procedures UE procedures in idle and connected modes Enhancements in LTE-Advance

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Mobile communication systems were originally designed to support voice (with SMS), but then focused primarily on developing data connectivity. With broadband connectivity representing the major areas of opportunity, networks were standardised, deployed and optimised to fully support that [fairly narrow] set of use cases. More recently, machine to machine communication, the Internet of Things (IoT) and connected innovation have seen massive growth, and become a much bigger part of the communications industry. However, the data connectivity requirements are very different to that of broadband. In order to optimally support this type of data, a number of modifications, new features, and complimentary technologies have been introduced to the networks. In LTE, these are grouped under the term Machine Type Communications (MTC). This course explores the technical aspects of MTC for LTE, and includes an examination of NB-IoT (Narrowband IoT) as a complimentary technology. Initially, the course provides an overview of IoT and low power networking / connectivity systems, and highlights the role and requirements of LTE for MTC. We then look at the features and performance of the different categories of MTC UE (User Equipment), the Air Interface modifications and features, and the Cellular IoT (C-IoT) enhancements to the Evolved Packet Core (EPC). Course Modules Introduction to LTE and the Internet of Things (IoT)  LTE Technologies for the IoT  NB-IoT and IoT Core Network Enhancements 

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This program explores modern satellite communications and Non-Terrestrial Networks (NTN). It covers key principles, challenges, and technical limitations, including a look at different satellite orbits, as well as HAPS, HIBS, balloons, and drones. The program then explores key use cases and their suitability for satellite and NTN. It surveys existing and emerging proprietary satellite systems and focuses on integrating 5G satellite systems into modern networks. The program also covers different architectures, access technologies (5G New Radio, NB-IoT, and eMTC), and Direct-to-Device (D2D) services. Finally, it explores key challenges and their standardized (3GPP) solutions, such as doppler compensation, latency, and security. Who Would Benefit? This course caters to telecom professionals, engineers, and decision-makers seeking a foundational understanding - ideal for those involved in network planning, technology strategy, and service development. Prerequisites A foundational knowledge of telecommunications would be beneficial. Some familiarity with 5G technology and networking principles will also enhance comprehension.  Course Contents       Introduction to Satellite Communication Introduction to Non-Terrestrial Networks (NTN) Market and Technology Development 5G Satellite – Deployment and Operational Requirements 5G Satellite Integration and Architectures Key Deployment Challenges and Standardised Solutions

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Our LTE Evolved Packet Core Network Training Course is designed to provide a comprehensive technical understanding of the Evolved Packet Core (EPC) for LTE systems. In this course, participants will learn about EPC architecture, interfaces, service provision concepts, application of IP technologies, overall protocol architectures, and optionally, a review of IMS functionality Engineers and other staff involved with switching or transmission architecture, optimization, network management, network testing, or monitoring of the EPC would greatly benefit from this training. Participants are expected to have an engineering background with some knowledge of core network technologies, including IP. Experience with 2G or 3G systems would also be beneficial for a better understanding of the course material. The course covers a wide range of topic areas, including the high-level architecture of LTE, functions of key EPC components like MME, S-GW, PDN-GW, HSS, and PCRF, LTE state diagrams, inter-operation with 2G, 3G, and non-3GPP networks, voice options for LTE, principles of bearers and Quality of Service (QoS), data transport in the EPC, policy and charging control architecture, IETF and 3GPP protocols in the EPC, power-on procedures, UE procedures in idle and connected modes, enhancements in LTE-Advanced, and optionally, an overview of the functions and architecture of the IMS. Who would benefit Engineers and other staff involved with switching or transmission architecture, optimization, network management, network testing or monitoring of the EPC. Prerequisites An engineering background with some knowledge of core network technologies, including IP, is assumed. Experience of 2G or 3G systems would be beneficial. Topic Areas Include High level architecture of LTE Functions of the MME, S-GW, PDN-GW, HSS and PCRF LTE state diagrams Inter-operation with 2G, 3G and non-3GPP networks Voice options for LTE Principles of bearers and Quality of Service (QoS) Data transport in the EPC Policy and charging control architecture IETF protocols in the EPC, including SCTP, DiffServ and Diameter 3GPP protocols in the EPC, including GTP and S1-AP Power-on procedures UE procedures in idle and connected modes Enhancements in LTE-Advanced [Optional] Overview of the functions and architecture of the IMS Also available as a Self-Study Online Learning Programme, learn more.

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Our LTE Air Interface Training Course is designed to provide a comprehensive understanding of the air interface for LTE radio access. This course covers OFDMA principles, access and non-access stratum protocols, channel structures, connectivity and mobility management procedures, as well as radio link control functions. Engineers involved in equipment design, operation, optimization, or monitoring of the LTE radio link will benefit greatly from this training. Participants are expected to have an engineering background with some knowledge of digital radio systems and general radio principles and techniques. A basic understanding of LTE and experience with 2G or 3G systems would also be beneficial. Topics covered in the course include LTE system architecture, E-UTRAN architecture and interfaces, OFDMA/SC-FDMA basic principles, MIMO concepts and implementation, physical layer structures, access and non-access stratum protocols, and more. Enhance your knowledge and skills in LTE radio access and stay ahead in the rapidly evolving telecommunications industry. This self-paced on-demand distance learning course features illustrated course books, videos, tests and full tutor support. Who would benefit Engineers involved with equipment design, operation, optimization or monitoring of the LTE radio link. Prerequisites An engineering background with some knowledge of digital radio systems and general radio principles and techniques is assumed. A basic understanding of LTE and experience of 2G or 3G systems would be beneficial. Topic Areas Include LTE system architecture E-UTRAN architecture and interfaces OFDMA/SC-FDMA basic principles Defining orthogonality OFDMA features and benefits The Fourier transform OFDMA/SC-FDMA transmitter and receiver chains Modulation and coding, MIMO and the Cyclic Prefix MIMO concepts and implementation Physical layer structures Access and non-access stratum protocols Logical, Transport and Physical channels RRC, PDCP, MAC and RLC functions Resource allocation and scheduling strategies LTE-Advanced concepts Lower layer procedures Connection establishment Radio resource management procedures

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This training course is aimed at those people working within the wireless communication business or broadcast business. Participants will get an overview on the 4G/LTE and 5G-NR physical layer. First of all wireless communication basics like OFDMA, DFTs-OFDMA, Forward Error Correction and MIMO will be discussed followed by an in-depth overview of 4G and 5G technology and standards. The training is presented in cooperation with Rohde & Schwarz. Course Objectives After completing this course, delegates will understand the technology behind 4G and 5G. Focus is on the physical layer not on the protocol level. Several practical demonstrations will solidify the theoretical knowledge. Intended for This course is intended for those who have a basic knowledge in information technology, who may be employed in network operators or regulators. Contents Wireless Communication Basics 4G/LTE Standard 5G Standard About LS telcom: LS telcom is a global leader in technologies and consulting services for efficient radio spectrum use, optimizing spectrum management to ensure reliable, interference-free, and secure radio services. Our portfolio includes consulting, measurement services, and integrated solutions for planning, analysis, monitoring, and managing radio infrastructure. Serving customers in over 100 countries, including regulatory authorities, network operators, and industries such as transport, utilities, and security, LS telcom operates globally with subsidiaries and offices in locations like Germany, the UK, Canada, India, and the UAE. Headquartered in Lichtenau, Germany, LS telcom AG has been listed on the German Stock Exchange since 2001 (ISIN DE 0005754402).  

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This course is designed to provide an end-to-end view of the whole set of signalling messages that support some of the most fundamental LTE network operations, such as: initial attach, PDN Connectivity, EPS Bearer setup, bearer resource allocation, handover and detach. Each procedure is presented in terms of the progression of signalling messages exchanged and each message is explored in detail. The course provides details of messages belonging to the following signalling protocols: RRC, NAS, S1AP, X2AP, GTPv2-C and also the Diameter S6a, S13 and Gx applications. Our LTE End-to-End Signalling Training Course (Course Code: LT1301) offers a comprehensive overview of the signalling messages involved in key LTE network operations. From initial attach to handover and detach procedures, participants will gain a deep understanding of the signalling protocols including RRC, NAS, S1AP, X2AP, GTPv2-C, and Diameter S6a, S13, and Gx applications. This course is ideal for engineers, managers, and personnel seeking a technical overview of the complete LTE signalling environment, providing valuable insights into the management of fundamental LTE procedures. Participants in this course will benefit from a detailed exploration of air interface signalling protocols, E-UTRAN signalling protocols, and EPC signalling protocols. Topics covered include initial attach procedures, idle mode procedures, connected mode procedures, handover procedures, and detach procedures. Prerequisites include a basic understanding of LTE network architecture, services, and protocols, which can be acquired through our LTE Engineering Overview and LTE Evolved Packet Core Network (LT3604) courses. An understanding of IP would also be beneficial for participants. Gain the knowledge and skills needed to navigate the complexities of LTE signalling protocols and procedure This self-paced on-demand distance learning course features illustrated course books, videos, tests and full tutor support. Who would benefit This course is designed for engineers, managers and other personnel who have a need to acquire a technical overview of the total LTE signalling environment (not just signalling in one part of the network) and also those that require an end-to-end view of the management of fundamental LTE procedures. Prerequisites A basic understanding of LTE network architecture, services and protocols, which can be gained from attending the LTE Engineering Overview (LT3600) and LTE Evolved Packet Core Network (LT3604) courses. An understanding of IP would be beneficial. Topic Areas Include Air interface signalling protocols E-UTRAN signalling protocols EPC signalling protocols Initial attach procedures Idle mode procedures S1 release Tracking area update procedure Service request procedure with ISR enabled Extended service request for CS fallback Connected mode procedures Connection establishment, modification and release Bearer resource allocation triggering dedicated EPS bearer establishment Bearer resource modification triggering EPS bearer modification PDN connectivity request Handover procedures X2-based handover with direct forwarding S1-based handover with S-GW change with indirect forwarding Inter-System PS handover to UMTS/HSPA without forwarding Detach procedures

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Next Cohort: 29th September 2026 Build essential telecoms knowledge and skills to aid forensic investigations and provide expert witness testimony. The widespread use of mobile telephones has proven to be a useful source of information for law enforcement agencies. The ability to prove or disprove that a mobile device was used in the area of, or location of, a point of interest is invaluable. But to safely prove the case requires an understanding of cellular mobile technologies. The Critical Communications & Infrastructure Programme (Police Track) provides those working in Law Enforcement with a detailed understanding of the mobile network technologies of today and tomorrow, allowing them to conduct efficient investigations and provide compelling expert witness evidence in court. We have combined some of our most popular training courses to build a guided learning pathway that enables you to demonstrate your expertise and competence in modern telecom technologies. Who would benefit? Our Critical Communications & Infrastructure Programme (Police Track) has been designed for anyone working Law Enforcement from new starters looking to build their technical knowledge from the ground up to more experienced engineers looking to formalise and expand their knowledge base. Rigorous testing, regular digital badging and certification ensures that successful students are able to demonstrate the breadth and depth of their knowledge.  This programme has been assured by City & Guilds. Assured status provides validation and recognition for the learner. It is a symbol of learning excellence and quality and is a reassurance that the training undertaken meets best practice standards. Critical Communications & Infrastructure Programme (Police Track) Syllabus Foundation Courses Technology Fundamentals Course Modules: Defining Telecoms  Background to the Telecom Network Digital Fixed Telecom Networks Data Networks Mobile Networks and Wi-Fi Broadband and Emerging Networks 2G to 5G Mobile Technologies Course Modules: Principles of Mobile Cellular Networks 2nd Generation Mobile Networks 3rd Generation Mobile Networks 4th Generation Mobile Networks 5th Generation Mobile Networks Radio Principles Course Modules: A Need for Radio Frequency and Bandwidth Modulation Radio Spectrum Antennas and Transmission Lines Propagation Radio Coverage Radio Interference Analogue and Digital Systems  Specialist Courses The TETRA System - An Overview Course Modules: Introduction to TETRA TETRA Services TETRA Network Components TETRA Network Architecture Air Interface Radio Procedures TETRA System Capacity Direct Mode Operation (DMO) Security Aspects of TETRA Radio Network Surveys Course Modules: Cellular Radio Principles GSM/UMTS/LTE/5G Networks Wi-Fi Radio Networks Radio Measurements Idle Mode Activity for Mobile Devices Connected Mode Activities for Mobile Devices Tools for Radio Surveys Guidance for Radio Network Surveys WiFi Engineering Overview Course Modules: Wireless LAN Technologies and Standards 802.11 PHY MAC Frame Structures MAC Procedures Security Wi-Fi Troubleshooting About City & Guilds Assured City & Guilds is a household brand and a global leader in skills development. Over one million people earn a City & Guilds qualification every year, providing them with the skills they need to thrive in the workplace.In the global economy, the ability to compete depends on building a skilled, competent and confident workforce. City & Guilds understands the value of portable skills and globally recognised standards that enable people and organisations to succeed. It partners with Governments, employers and educators in over 50 countries, across five continents, to advise them on developing high-quality skills training that meets the needs of the global workforce, without compromising on local demands. Enrolment Fees:  £3,500 (+VAT) Programme Duration: 24 months (Programme is On-Demand, learners can start at any time) Bespoke In-Company Schemes The Critical Communications and Infrastructure Programme provide the ideal structure for formalising training programmes for teams across your business. Contact us on info@wraycastle.com for more information.

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Course Code: LT3600 Course Summary A technical introduction and overview of LTE and LTE-Advanced, including the air interface, radio access network, core network and other key associated technologies. Who would benefit This course is intended for engineers either new to, or already working in, mobile communications. Prerequisites Familiarity with telecommunications and general engineering terminology is assumed and some understanding of 2G and 3G cellular systems would be beneficial. Topic Areas Include High level architecture of LTE Basic principles of OFDMA and SC-FDMA Air interface protocol stack Structure of the air interface physical layer E-UTRAN architecture, interfaces and protocols EPC architecture, interfaces and protocols LTE state diagrams Principles of bearers and Quality of Service (QoS) Voice options for LTE Power-on procedures UE procedures in idle and connected modes Enhancements in LTE-Advanced Also available as a Self-Study Online Learning Programme, learn more.

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Our LTE Billing and Charging Training Course provides a comprehensive technical overview of the billing and charging architecture specifically designed for 4G LTE networks. Participants will gain insights into LTE bearer, traffic flow, and Quality of Service (QoS) concepts, as well as an in-depth understanding of the architecture of both online and offline billing systems. Key nodes, interfaces, and protocols used for transporting billing and charging information will be explored, along with the interactions with the billing system during basic LTE procedures. This course is ideal for engineers, designers, managers, and individuals involved in the development, deployment, or operation of LTE billing and charging systems. Familiarity with the LTE Evolved Packet Core is assumed, and experience with 2G or 3G billing systems would be beneficial. Topics covered include EPS bearer concepts, LTE QoS models, packet flows, deep packet inspection, policy and charging control, flow-based charging, billing architecture, charging data capture points, protocols (Diameter, CAP), interfaces (Gy, Gz, Rf, Ro), charging criteria, CDR formats, CDR generation, and charging interaction with basic LTE procedures. Join us for this informative and practical training session to enhance your knowledge and skills in LTE billing and charging. This self-paced on-demand distance learning course features illustrated course books, videos, tests and full tutor support. Who would benefit Engineers, designers, managers and others involved in the development, deployment or operation of LTE billing and charging systems. Prerequisites Familiarity with the LTE Evolved Packet Core is assumed. Experience of 2G or 3G billing systems would be beneficial. Topic Areas Include Review of EPS bearer concepts and LTE QoS models Packet flows, service data flows and traffic flow aggregates Deep packet inspection – heuristic algorithms and bearer-aware applications Outline of policy and charging control LTE billing and charging concepts Flow-based charging Billing architecture Online and offline charging systems Charging data capture points (S-GW, PDN-GW) IMS charging capture points Charging Data Function (CDF) Protocols – Diameter, CAP Interfaces – Gy, Gz, Rf, Ro and others Charging criteria – time-based, volume-based, application-based CDR formats CDR generation Charging interaction with basic LTE procedures

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A technical introduction and overview of LTE and LTE-Advanced, including the air interface, radio access network, core network and other key associated technologies. This self-paced on-demand distance learning course features illustrated course books, videos, tests and full tutor support. Who would benefit This course is intended for engineers either new to, or already working in, mobile communications. Prerequisites Familiarity with telecommunications and general engineering terminology is assumed and some understanding of 2G and 3G cellular systems would be beneficial. Topic Areas Include High level architecture of LTE Basic principles of OFDMA and SC-FDMA Air interface protocol stack Structure of the air interface physical layer E-UTRAN architecture, interfaces and protocols EPC architecture, interfaces and protocols LTE state diagrams Principles of bearers and Quality of Service (QoS) Voice options for LTE Power-on procedures UE procedures in idle and connected modes Enhancements in LTE-Advanced

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Our LTE Quality of Service training course is designed to provide a comprehensive understanding of the key concepts and principles behind Quality of Service (QoS) in LTE networks. This course delves into the End-to-End EPS Bearer and the underlying Transport Network Layer (TNL) where QoS is crucially applied. Participants will explore the main QoS concepts and learn about the interworking between LTE QoS and other network types such as UMTS, GPRS, and IMS.This course is ideal for engineering and technical management professionals who need a technical overview of the technologies and techniques utilized by 4G LTE networks to define and control the QoS for user connections. Participants are expected to have an engineering background with some knowledge of telecommunications technologies and protocols. Previous LTE training and familiarity with QoS mechanisms in legacy 2G and 3G networks would be beneficial.By enrolling in this course, you will gain insights into topics such as E-UTRAN architecture and interfaces, EPS Bearer and PDN Connectivity options, LTE QoS parameters, QCI, ARP, QoS Management, LTE PCC mechanisms, TNL concepts, DiffServ, MPLS, Ethernet QoS, and much more. Enhance your knowledge and skills in LTE QoS with our expert-led training course. This self-paced on-demand distance learning course features illustrated course books, videos, tests and full tutor support. Who would benefit This course is suitable for engineering and technical management staff who require a technical overview of the technologies and techniques employed by 4G LTE networks to define and control the QoS applied to user connections. Prerequisites An engineering background with some knowledge of telecommunications technologies and protocols is assumed and previous LTE training would be beneficial, as would knowledge of QoS mechanisms in legacy 2G and 3G networks. Topic Areas Include E-UTRAN architecture and interfaces EPS Bearer and PDN Connectivity options and operations User plane connection concepts, packet flows, SDFs and Traffic Flow Aggregates LTE QoS parameters, QCI, ARP QoS parameter representation in LTE signalling protocols QoS Management – TFTs and packet filters LTE PCC (Policy and Charging Control) mechanisms PCC Rules, function and structure Interaction between PCC elements and internal and external network nodes Mapping LTE QoS to legacy network schemes Measuring QoS TNL concepts, architecture and QoS mechanisms DiffServ, MPLS and Ethernet QoS End-to-End QoS Architecture and Operation Network node QoS functions QoS influence on LTE handovers

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LTE Mission Critical Communications Overview Training Course is designed for members of the emergency services, network operators, and individuals seeking a comprehensive understanding of how LTE technology can support Mission Critical Communications. This course is ideal for those with a technical background or a foundation level of understanding in the field of telecommunications.  Participants will delve into topics such as the requirements of a Mission Critical Network, an introduction to LTE, the LTE Radio Interface, Mission Critical Push to Talk (MCPTT), and Proximity Services (ProSe). By the end of the course, attendees will have a solid grasp of how LTE technology can enhance and support critical communications in various scenarios. Join us for this informative and practical training course to gain valuable insights into LTE Mission Critical Communications and how it can revolutionize communication systems for emergency services and network operators. Don't miss this opportunity to expand your knowledge and skills in this crucial area of telecommunications. Who Would Benefit This course benefits members of the emergency services; network operators and those seeking an overall description of how LTE can support Mission Critical Communications. Prerequisites The course is intended for those with a technical background or foundation level of understanding in telecommunications. Course Contents                                                                 Requirements of a Mission Critical Network Introduction to LTE The LTE Radio Interface Mission Critical Push to Talk (MCPTT) Proximity Services (ProSe)

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This course is designed to provide an end-to-end view of the whole set of signalling messages that support some of the most fundamental LTE network operations, such as: initial attach, PDN Connectivity, EPS Bearer setup, bearer resource allocation, handover and detach. Each procedure is presented in terms of the progression of signalling messages exchanged and each message is explored in detail. The course provides details of messages belonging to the following signalling protocols: RRC, NAS, S1AP, X2AP, GTPv2-C and also the Diameter S6a, S13 and Gx applications. Our LTE End-to-End Signalling Training Course (Course Code: LT1301) offers a comprehensive overview of the signalling messages involved in key LTE network operations. From initial attach to handover and detach procedures, participants will gain a deep understanding of the signalling protocols including RRC, NAS, S1AP, X2AP, GTPv2-C, and Diameter S6a, S13, and Gx applications. This course is ideal for engineers, managers, and personnel seeking a technical overview of the complete LTE signalling environment, providing valuable insights into the management of fundamental LTE procedures. Participants in this course will benefit from a detailed exploration of air interface signalling protocols, E-UTRAN signalling protocols, and EPC signalling protocols. Topics covered include initial attach procedures, idle mode procedures, connected mode procedures, handover procedures, and detach procedures. Prerequisites include a basic understanding of LTE network architecture, services, and protocols, which can be acquired through our LTE Engineering Overview and LTE Evolved Packet Core Network (LT3604) courses. An understanding of IP would also be beneficial for participants. Gain the knowledge and skills needed to navigate the complexities of LTE signalling protocols and procedures, and enhance your expertise in managing LTE network operations effectively. Who would benefit This course is designed for engineers, managers and other personnel who have a need to acquire a technical overview of the total LTE signalling environment (not just signalling in one part of the network) and also those that require an end-to-end view of the management of fundamental LTE procedures. Prerequisites A basic understanding of LTE network architecture, services and protocols, which can be gained from attending the LTE Engineering Overview (LT3600) and LTE Evolved Packet Core Network (LT3604) courses. An understanding of IP would be beneficial. Topic Areas Include Air interface signalling protocols E-UTRAN signalling protocols EPC signalling protocols Initial attach procedures Idle mode procedures S1 release Tracking area update procedure Service request procedure with ISR enabled Extended service request for CS fallback Connected mode procedures Connection establishment, modification and release Bearer resource allocation triggering dedicated EPS bearer establishment Bearer resource modification triggering EPS bearer modification PDN connectivity request Handover procedures X2-based handover with direct forwarding S1-based handover with S-GW change with indirect forwarding Inter-System PS handover to UMTS/HSPA without forwarding Detach procedures Also available as a Self-Study Online Learning Programme, learn more.

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LTE, SON, and Small Cell Deployment Training Course is a comprehensive program designed to explore the intricacies of Self-Organizing Networks (SON) and the deployment of small cells and femtocells. This course delves into key features and procedures that enable self-configuration within a SON, as well as addressing issues related to femtocell deployment such as interference management and control techniques.  Ideal for professionals working in planning-related roles for network operators or as consultants, this course assumes existing knowledge of cell planning principles in a mobile environment. Participants will benefit from a deep dive into topics like SON drivers, automatic neighbor relation (ANR), mobility robustness optimization, and deployment configurations. By the end of this 1-day course consisting of 2 live online sessions, attendees will have a solid understanding of the complexities and best practices surrounding LTE, SON, and small cell deployment. Enhance your expertise in small cell deployment and stay ahead in the ever-evolving telecommunications industry with our LTE, SON, and Small Cell Deployment Training Course. Gain valuable insights into self-configuring networks, interference management, and deployment configurations to optimize network performance and efficiency. Join us for 2 live online sessions and deepen your knowledge of SON drivers, automatic PCI configuration, and mobility load balancing. Don't miss this opportunity to advance your skills and propel your career in mobile network planning and deployment. Who would benefit This course would benefit those with a keen interest in the issues surrounding the deployment of small cells and femtocells in particular. This might include those working in planning-related roles for network operators or as individual consultants. Prerequisites This course assumes existing knowledge of cell planning principles in a mobile environment. Topic Areas Include SON – drivers Self-configuration Automatic Neighbour Relation (ANR) Automatic PCI configuration Inter-Cell interference Co-ordination (ISIC) Mobility robustness optimization Mobility load balancing Energy saving Deployment configurations Control of downlink interference

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Our LTE Air Interface Training Course is designed to provide a comprehensive understanding of the air interface for LTE radio access. This course covers OFDMA principles, access and non-access stratum protocols, channel structures, connectivity and mobility management procedures, as well as radio link control functions. Engineers involved in equipment design, operation, optimization, or monitoring of the LTE radio link will benefit greatly from this training. Participants are expected to have an engineering background with some knowledge of digital radio systems and general radio principles and techniques. A basic understanding of LTE and experience with 2G or 3G systems would also be beneficial. Topics covered in the course include LTE system architecture, E-UTRAN architecture and interfaces, OFDMA/SC-FDMA basic principles, MIMO concepts and implementation, physical layer structures, access and non-access stratum protocols, and more. Enhance your knowledge and skills in LTE radio access and stay ahead in the rapidly evolving telecommunications industry. Who would benefit Engineers involved with equipment design, operation, optimization or monitoring of the LTE radio link. Prerequisites An engineering background with some knowledge of digital radio systems and general radio principles and techniques is assumed. A basic understanding of LTE and experience of 2G or 3G systems would be beneficial. Topic Areas Include LTE system architecture E-UTRAN architecture and interfaces OFDMA/SC-FDMA basic principles Defining orthogonality OFDMA features and benefits The Fourier transform OFDMA/SC-FDMA transmitter and receiver chains Modulation and coding, MIMO and the Cyclic Prefix MIMO concepts and implementation Physical layer structures Access and non-access stratum protocols Logical, Transport and Physical channels RRC, PDCP, MAC and RLC functions Resource allocation and scheduling strategies LTE-Advanced concepts Lower layer procedures Connection establishment Radio resource management procedures Also available as a Self-Study Online Learning Programme, learn more.

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Our LTE Billing and Charging Training Course provides a comprehensive technical overview of the billing and charging architecture specifically designed for 4G LTE networks. Participants will gain insights into LTE bearer, traffic flow, and Quality of Service (QoS) concepts, as well as an in-depth understanding of the architecture of both online and offline billing systems. Key nodes, interfaces, and protocols used for transporting billing and charging information will be explored, along with the interactions with the billing system during basic LTE procedures. This course is ideal for engineers, designers, managers, and individuals involved in the development, deployment, or operation of LTE billing and charging systems. Familiarity with the LTE Evolved Packet Core is assumed, and experience with 2G or 3G billing systems would be beneficial. Topics covered include EPS bearer concepts, LTE QoS models, packet flows, deep packet inspection, policy and charging control, flow-based charging, billing architecture, charging data capture points, protocols (Diameter, CAP), interfaces (Gy, Gz, Rf, Ro), charging criteria, CDR formats, CDR generation, and charging interaction with basic LTE procedures. Join us for this informative and practical training session to enhance your knowledge and skills in LTE billing and charging. Who would benefit Engineers, designers, managers and others involved in the development, deployment or operation of LTE billing and charging systems. Prerequisites Familiarity with the LTE Evolved Packet Core is assumed. Experience of 2G or 3G billing systems would be beneficial. Topic Areas Include Review of EPS bearer concepts and LTE QoS models Packet flows, service data flows and traffic flow aggregates Deep packet inspection – heuristic algorithms and bearer-aware applications Outline of policy and charging control LTE billing and charging concepts Flow-based charging Billing architecture Online and offline charging systems Charging data capture points (S-GW, PDN-GW) IMS charging capture points Charging Data Function (CDF) Protocols – Diameter, CAP Interfaces – Gy, Gz, Rf, Ro and others Charging criteria – time-based, volume-based, application-based CDR formats CDR generation Charging interaction with basic LTE procedures

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This LTE Voice CS Fallback training course is designed to provide a comprehensive technical understanding of how CS fallback is used to deliver LTE voice services. Participants will gain insights into the technical aspects of CS fallback architecture, SGs Application Protocol (SGsAP), combined attach procedures, call setup options, roaming retry, SMS message delivery, and more.  Ideal for engineering and technical management professionals seeking to deepen their knowledge of LTE voice delivery options, this course is a valuable resource for those looking to enhance their skills in this specialized area. Prior attendance on the LTE Engineering Overview course (LT3600) or equivalent basic LTE knowledge is recommended, along with a working knowledge of IP. Join us for this 1-day course where industry experts will guide you through the intricacies of LTE voice CS fallback. Enhance your technical expertise and stay ahead in the rapidly evolving field of LTE technology with this insightful and practical training opportunity. Who would benefit This course is suitable for engineering and technical management staff who require a technical description of the options that exist in LTE for delivering voice and other real-time traffic types by means of CS fallback. Prerequisites Attendance on this course assumes previous attendance on the LTE Engineering Overview course (LT3600) or equivalent basic LTE knowledge (although a recap of basic LTE architecture and concepts is provided at the start of the course) and also assumes a working knowledge of IP. Topic Areas Include Technical overview of LTE Introduction to the options for LTE voice CS fallback architecture SGs Application Protocol (SGsAP) Combined attach procedure Alignment of tracking and location areas CS fallback call setup options Mobile-originated and mobile-terminated call setup procedures Roaming retry and roaming forwarding Delivery of SMS messages over the SGs interface

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The Applied Telecoms Engineering Programme (LTE Engineer Track) distance learning programmes provides learners with a certified qualification that demonstrates their knowledge of the technologies underpinning the telecoms industry with a focus on LTE core and radio network engineering. This programme has been assured by City & Guilds. Assured status provides validation and recognition for the learner. It is a symbol of learning excellence and quality and is a reassurance that the training undertaken meets best practice standards. Applied Telecoms Engineering Programme (LTE Engineer Track) Syllabus Foundation Courses Technology Fundamentals Course Modules: Defining Telecoms  Background to the Telecom Network Digital Fixed Telecom Networks Data Networks Mobile Networks and Wi-Fi Broadband and Emerging Networks 2G to 5G Mobile Technologies Course Modules: Principles of Mobile Cellular Networks 2nd Generation Mobile Networks 3rd Generation Mobile Networks 4th Generation Mobile Networks 5th Generation Mobile Networks Telecoms – as an Industry and Business Course Modules: Telecoms Industry & Business Dynamics The Technology Explained & Evaluated Telecoms Industry & Market Update Specialist Courses LTE Evolved Packet Core Course Modules: LTE Overview Evolved Packet Core Data Transport in the EPC Major Protocols EPC Operation Release 9 and Beyond LTE Air Interface Course Modules: LTE Overview OFDM Principles Physical Layer Structure Layer 2 Protocols Radio Resource Control LTE-Advanced Lower Layer Procedures What you will learn: At the end of the programme successful students will be able to: Develop a fundamental understanding of the technologies underpinning modern telecoms networks, the industry structure and its key stakeholders . Describe the Evolved Packet Core for LTE systems, architecture, interfaces, service provision concepts, application of IP technologies and the overall protocol architectures. Gain a detailed understanding of the air interface for LTE radio access (incl. OFDMA principles,  channel structures, connectivity and mobility management and radio link control functions.) Expand their learning further by studying two elective modules to qualify for the Diploma in Telecoms. What sets the programme apart? Focused Learning Pathways – guide you through the material and enable you to become an expert in your chosen field. Flexible Learning – study at a time, location and pace of your choice. Full Tutor support – from industry experts with decades of experience throughout your studies. Extended Learning – Diploma students have the opportunity to study 3 additional courses. 24 months access – allowing you to refer back to the material after your studies. Digital Badges and Course Certificate – demonstrate the depth of your knowledge. About City & Guilds City & Guilds is a household brand and a global leader in skills development. Over one million people earn a City & Guilds qualification every year, providing them with the skills they need to thrive in the workplace.In the global economy, the ability to compete depends on building a skilled, competent and confident workforce. City & Guilds understands the value of portable skills and globally recognised standards that enable people and organisations to succeed. It partners with Governments, employers and educators in over 50 countries, across five continents, to advise them on developing high-quality skills training that meets the needs of the global workforce, without compromising on local demands. Enrolment Fees:  £2,995 (+VAT) Programme Duration: 24 months (Programme is On-Demand, learners can start at any time) Bespoke In-Company Schemes The Applied Telecoms Engineering Programme provide the ideal structure for formalising training programmes for teams across your business. Contact us on info@wraycastle.com for more information.

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Course Code: LT1314 Course Summary Our LTE Quality of Service training course is designed to provide a comprehensive understanding of the key concepts and principles behind Quality of Service (QoS) in LTE networks. This course delves into the End-to-End EPS Bearer and the underlying Transport Network Layer (TNL) where QoS is crucially applied. Participants will explore the main QoS concepts and learn about the interworking between LTE QoS and other network types such as UMTS, GPRS, and IMS.This course is ideal for engineering and technical management professionals who need a technical overview of the technologies and techniques utilized by 4G LTE networks to define and control the QoS for user connections. Participants are expected to have an engineering background with some knowledge of telecommunications technologies and protocols. Previous LTE training and familiarity with QoS mechanisms in legacy 2G and 3G networks would be beneficial.By enrolling in this course, you will gain insights into topics such as E-UTRAN architecture and interfaces, EPS Bearer and PDN Connectivity options, LTE QoS parameters, QCI, ARP, QoS Management, LTE PCC mechanisms, TNL concepts, DiffServ, MPLS, Ethernet QoS, and much more. Enhance your knowledge and skills in LTE QoS with our expert-led training course. Who would benefit This course is suitable for engineering and technical management staff who require a technical overview of the technologies and techniques employed by 4G LTE networks to define and control the QoS applied to user connections. Prerequisites An engineering background with some knowledge of telecommunications technologies and protocols is assumed and previous LTE training would be beneficial, as would knowledge of QoS mechanisms in legacy 2G and 3G networks. Topic Areas Include E-UTRAN architecture and interfaces EPS Bearer and PDN Connectivity options and operations User plane connection concepts, packet flows, SDFs and Traffic Flow Aggregates LTE QoS parameters, QCI, ARP QoS parameter representation in LTE signalling protocols QoS Management – TFTs and packet filters LTE PCC (Policy and Charging Control) mechanisms PCC Rules, function and structure Interaction between PCC elements and internal and external network nodes Mapping LTE QoS to legacy network schemes Measuring QoS TNL concepts, architecture and QoS mechanisms DiffServ, MPLS and Ethernet QoS End-to-End QoS Architecture and Operation Network node QoS functions QoS influence on LTE handovers Also available as a Self-Study Online Learning Programme, learn more.

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Network Functions Virtualisation (NFV) isn’t just a concept, it’s a practical solution shapingthe future of telecom and IT services. This course explores real-world NFV applications,showing how virtualisation delivers flexibility, scalability, and cost-efficiency across diversenetwork environments. In this course, we’ll look at NFV use cases, diving into specific scenarios, including: NFVI as a Service (NFVIaaS) and how it operates across multiple domains Virtual Network Function as a Service (VNFaaS) and Virtual Network Platform as aService (VNPaaS), plus a comparison of the two VNF Forwarding Graphs (VNF FGs) and their role in service chaining Virtualisation of mobile core networks, IMS, base stations, and home environments Advanced deployments such as virtual CDNs (vCDN) and fixed access NFV You’ll also explore ETSI Proof of Concept (PoC) projects, including demonstrations ofvirtual EPC applications, SDN-controlled forwarding graphs, and resilience techniques. These examples show how NFV is implemented in real networks and the benefits it bringsto operators and service providers. Designed for professionals in telecoms, IT, and network engineering, this course provides apractical, jargon-free look at NFV in action. Ideal for anyone who wants to understand howvirtualisation is applied to real-world network challenges.

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GSM-R end of life is anticipated to be around 2030 which only leaves a few years to find a replacement system. The International Union of Railways (UIC) have published a document called FRMCS- Future Railway Mobile Communications System which outlines what will be required of a future system. The railway community have detailed the communications requirements of the future railway networks and are looking for telecommunications manufacturers and standards bodies to provide a suitable solution. This technical course is aimed at engineers planning to deploy FRMCS as a successor to GSM-R.  It identifies the specifications for FRMCS, the design aims, architecture of the On-Board systems, trackside systems and the transport network.  Additionally, the course details the capabilities of FRMCS, operational procedures and looks at possible migration scenarios with GSM-R. Now fully updated to include FRMCS V2.2 specifications. Aligned with FRMCS v2.2: Modules are built around the latest FRMCS specifications, now at Version 2.2 - ensuring your training reflects the technical foundation used for the EU-Rail FP2-MORANE-2 validation trials. Based on the MORANE-2 Trial Baseline: Study the specific FRMCS v2.2 architecture that drives current European lab testbeds and large-scale field validation activities. Bridge the Gap to Market-Ready V3: Understand how the FRMCS v2.2 framework serves as the critical stepping stone, feeding trial data directly into the upcoming V3 deployment standard. Future-Proofing via the Latest Framework: Equip your team with a rigorous understanding of the FRMCS v2.2 functional and system requirements shaping the next decade of railway signaling. Prerequisites Attendees will ideally have worked in the rail industry with GSM-R or have a telecommunications background gained from working in the commercial cellular industry. Topic Areas Include FRMCS – An Introduction FRMCS Reference Architecture FRMCS On-Board Architecture FRMCS Trackside Components Voice Application Subsystem FRMCS Location and Positioning System 5G FRMCS Addressing The SIP Core Mission Critical Architecture and Procedures FRMCS Operation Radio Planning and Migration MCVideo Benefits and Learning Objectives Learn about the standards-based approach to developing FRMCS Be aware of the key features and services FRMCS will bring to the railways Discover how 3GPP 5G technology can be used to support FRMCS Describe the potential migration paths from GSM-R to FRMCS Understand the radio spectrum issues associate with migration Understand how 3GPP Mission Critical applications can be adopted by FRMCS  Certified by Institution of Railway Signal Engineers (IRSE) The Institution of Railway Signal Engineers (IRSE) certifies that the syllabus for the FRMCS Engineering course is appropriate for meeting the stated objectives of that course. For more information about the scope of the certification process provided by the IRSE please see the IRSE website www.irse.org.

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Our LTE Security Training Course offers a comprehensive overview of the security measures implemented in LTE networks. This course covers topics such as LTE Authentication and Key Agreement (AKA) procedures, Non-Access Stratum, Access Stratum, Access Network, and Core Network security. Engineers, managers, and other professionals looking to gain a technical understanding of LTE network security will benefit from this course. It is also suitable for individuals in the broader technical community who need to grasp the security protocols used in cellular networks. Participants are expected to have prior knowledge of LTE networks, either through attending our LTE Engineering Overview course (LT3600) or possessing equivalent basic LTE knowledge. Familiarity with legacy 2G and 3G security procedures, as well as a basic understanding of LTE network architecture and functionality, would be advantageous. Join us for this training to delve into security threats and mitigations, 3GPP security strata, authentication processes, key agreement procedures, security algorithms, and more. Upgrade your skills and stay ahead in the dynamic world of LTE security with our expert-led training. Who would benefit This course is designed for engineers working for network operators in the planning and implementation of RANs. Prerequisites This course assumes an engineering background, as well as a good understanding of LTE. Topic Areas Include E-UTRAN architecture and protocols EPS bearers and QoS Subscriber traffic profiling Signalling event traffic modelling Signalling events and event dimensioning RAN synchronization options and overheads Dimensioning O&M Air interface structure and bandwidth options Maximum theoretical throughput estimations Dimensioning the RAN for voice traffic CQI and user plane traffic dimensioning

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LTE and 5G systems play a crucial role in our modern communication landscape, with the potential to revolutionize how we connect and interact with our devices. As these technologies become more prevalent, ensuring the security of our data and privacy becomes paramount. The LTE and 5G Security On-Demand Training Course offered by Wray Castle provides a comprehensive overview of the security measures implemented in LTE and 5G networks, covering key aspects such as authentication, key agreement, and network security protocols. This self-paced distance learning course delves into the intricacies of LTE and 5G security architectures, exploring the evolution from LTE to 5G and the security enhancements introduced in the latest generation of cellular networks. Participants will gain a deep understanding of the security procedures and key derivation methods used in both Non-standalone and Standalone Modes of 5G networks, as well as the authentication and interworking protocols involved in ensuring a secure communication environment. Designed for engineers, managers, and technical professionals working in the telecommunications industry, this course is also beneficial for individuals looking to broaden their knowledge of LTE and 5G security protocols. Whether you are new to the field or have prior experience in telecoms, this training course will equip you with the essential skills and insights needed to navigate the complex security challenges posed by LTE and 5G networks. This self-paced on-demand distance learning course features illustrated course books, videos, tests and full tutor support. Who would benefit This course is designed for engineers, managers and other personnel who have a need to acquire a technical overview of the security environment employed within LTE and 5G networks. It will also be of benefit to those in the wider technical community who have a need to understand the security protocols employed by cellular networks. Prerequisites Attendance on, or equivalent knowledge, LTE Engineering or 5G Engineering would be useful.  Alternatively, experience working in this area of telecoms. Topic Areas Include LTE Security Architecture Authentication and Key Agreement Evolution to 5G 5G Non-Standalone Mode Security 5G Standalone Mode Security

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This webinar explores how 5G-Advanced is transforming satellites from isolated backhaul pipes into integrated, high-performance access nodes that are fully integrated within the global 5G architecture and ecosystem.  We will dive into the shift from proprietary constellations to 3GPP-standardised Non-Terrestrial Networks (NTN), including a focus on how Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellites are now capable of providing Direct-to-Device (D2D) connectivity to unmodified smartphones. We will address the "physics of the problem," including the engineering required to manage massive Doppler shifts and latency over thousands of kilometres. Participants will gain a clear understanding of the architectural trade-offs between Transparent (Bent-pipe) and Regenerative (gNodeB in space) payloads. Whether you are within an MNO looking to eliminate coverage "dead zones" or a hardware developer designing next-gen chipsets, this session provides the technical and strategic roadmap for the next era of advanced NTN networks. Key Discussion Topics Include: Comparing LEO, MEO, and GEO roles in 5G+ throughput and latency Spectrum Strategy 3GPP Standardisation - enabling seamless satellite-terrestrial roaming NTN Architecture Options Bent-Pipe vs. Regenerative Payloads Direct-to-Device (D2D): - connecting standard smartphones Managing the extreme Link Budget Doppler & Timing Compensation Massive IoT-NTN - leveraging NB-IoT and eMTC The developing market, Case Studies, and evolution to the 6G Vision

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The increase in new Low Earth Orbit satellite constellations has resulted in a surge of compatibility studies being carried out to understand how Non-Geosynchronous Orbit (NGSO) and Geosynchronous Orbit satellites (GSO) can coexist. The issue has arisen from the demand in new high speed broadband services but also the cost of producing and launching satellites into orbit reducing greatly in recent years. There are many complexities in solving the compatibility between NGSO and GSO systems due to the muti-dimensional and highly dynamic nature of both systems. We will focus on the main technical parameters and calculations that are used to determine the unacceptable levels of interference. The course will look across the different services including MSS, FSS (BSS) but also protection of EESS in a range of frequency bands. This course will also touch upon the two approaches to Direct to Device services. This is the use of Mobile Satellite Service spectrum but also Mobile Service spectrum bands. We will cover the implications and challenges of adopting each approach and how regulations will need to evolve to support these approaches. Course Objectives After completing the course, participants will be aware of the technical complexities of conducting compatibility studies that take place within the ITU. It will provide participants with the knowledge of the main technical parameters and calculations needed to determine interference levels. Participants will have an understanding how NGSO and GSO will be able to coexist. Intended for people working at regulators, satellite operators and vendors with some technical knowledge of satellite technologies and radio regulations and some knowledge of the ITU-R processes. The course is also suitable for non-technical people within government departments and ministries who wish to understand all the relevant complexities of compatibility studies and processes for updating the regulations. Contents Introduction to satellite technologies and deployments including definition of GSO and NGSO satellites Technical parameters used for compatibility studies Analysis of interference calculations for compatibility Overview of ITU working party study practices and example compatibility exercise Basic interference and compatibility calculations Overview of D2D spectrum approaches About LS telcom: LS telcom is a global leader in technologies and consulting services for efficient radio spectrum use, optimizing spectrum management to ensure reliable, interference-free, and secure radio services. Our portfolio includes consulting, measurement services, and integrated solutions for planning, analysis, monitoring, and managing radio infrastructure. Serving customers in over 100 countries, including regulatory authorities, network operators, and industries such as transport, utilities, and security, LS telcom operates globally with subsidiaries and offices in locations like Germany, the UK, Canada, India, and the UAE. Headquartered in Lichtenau, Germany, LS telcom AG has been listed on the German Stock Exchange since 2001 (ISIN DE 0005754402).  

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