Course Code: FG1715 This 5G Architecture and Protocols training course is a detailed technical description of the core and radio access networks of 5G. It covers the architecture and interfaces used by 5G, the protocols used for signalling and data transport, the provision of services over a 5G network, and the procedures for signalling and system operation. Who would benefit The course is intended for engineers and other staff who are involved with the architecture, optimization, management, monitoring or testing of the 5G network. Prerequisites An engineering background with some knowledge of core and radio access network technologies is assumed. A basic understanding of 5G and experience of LTE networks would be desirable. Topic Areas Include: 5G introduction, use cases and standardisation Radio access network architecture and deployment options Network architectures for dual connectivity Architecture of the 5G core network Network Function virtualisation, slicing and orchestration Interworking and compatibility between 5G, LTE and Wi-Fi PDU connectivity, Quality of Service and service provision Control plane and user plane protocols in the 5G network Implementation of network function services using HTTP/2 Signalling procedures for registration, security and session management Network operation in Idle, Inactive and Connected modes   Optional 5G Virtual Lab Module Explore, Test, Optimise, and Troubleshoot the 5G System Deep dive into the key signalling scenarios in the 5G system and analyse the output to build a deeper understanding that goes beyond the theoretical. The lab is a fully emulated 5G System environment that enables you to experiment with the configurations for Network Functions and build customized settings for signalling scenarios that helps you to develop greater insight into the operation of the 5G System. Lab modules can be added to any relevant 5G course. Learn more and arrange a demo.   Trainer: Tony Wakefield Tony is an experienced technical trainer and competency development specialist having worked with a diverse and extensive base of companies. He has spoken at global conferences and has extensive experience in facilitating programmes, specialising in 5G and the wider aspects of telecoms and connected innovation. Also available as a Self-Study Online Learning Programme, learn more.

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Course Summary This 5G Architecture and Protocols Overview training course provides a comprehensive technical introduction to the 5G network, covering design goals, development schedules, and the core and radio access networks of 5G. Engineers new to or already working in mobile communication networks will benefit from this course, which assumes familiarity with telecommunications and general engineering terminology, with some understanding of LTE cellular systems being beneficial. The course covers a range of topic areas, including 5G introduction, key features, and standardization, use cases and performance objectives, radio access network architecture and protocols, core network architecture and protocols, network function virtualization, network slicing, interworking and compatibility between 5G, LTE, and Wi-Fi, PDU connectivity, Quality of Service, service provision, and signaling procedures in the 5G network.  Who would benefit This course is intended for engineers either new to, or already working in, mobile communication networks. Prerequisites Familiarity with telecommunications and general engineering terminology is assumed. Some understanding of LTE cellular systems would be beneficial. Topic Areas Include: 5G introduction, key features and standardisation Use cases and performance objectives Radio access network architecture and protocols Non standalone and standalone deployment options Core network architecture and protocols Network function virtualisation and network slicing Interworking and compatibility between 5G, LTE and Wi-Fi PDU connectivity, Quality of Service and service provision Signalling procedures in the 5G network  Also available as a Self-Study Online Learning Programme, learn more.

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Course Summary This 5G Air Interface Overview training course provides a technical introduction to the 5G New Radio. Participants will gain insight into the design goals, development schedule, principles, design, and implementation of the 5G air interface. Engineers who are new to or already working in mobile radio communications will benefit from this course, which assumes familiarity with telecommunications and general engineering terminology. Some understanding of LTE cellular systems would also be beneficial for attendees. During this course participants will delve into various topic areas related to 5G, including key features and standardization, use cases, performance objectives, deployment options, radio spectrum, millimeter-wave communications, principles of radio transmission and reception, multiple antennas, air interface protocol stack, architecture of the air interface physical layer, and procedures for data transmission and reception on the 5G air interface. For those looking for a self-paced option, this course is also available as a Self-Study Online Learning Programme. Who would benefit This course is intended for engineers either new to, or already working in, mobile radio communications. Prerequisites Familiarity with telecommunications and general engineering terminology is assumed. Some understanding of LTE cellular systems would be beneficial. Topic Areas Include: 5G introduction, key features and standardisation Use cases and performance objectives Non-standalone and standalone deployment options Radio spectrum and millimetre wave communications Principles of radio transmission and reception in 5G Multiple antennas in 5G Air interface protocol stack Architecture of the air interface physical layer Procedures for data transmission and reception on the 5G air interface Also available as a Self-Study Online Learning Programme, learn more.

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This 5G Engineering Overview course is a technical overview of 5G. The course includes the design goals and development schedule for 5G, and the principles and architecture of the 5G air interface, radio access network and core network. This 5G Engineering Overview training course provides a comprehensive technical overview of 5G, including its design goals, development schedule, and the principles and architecture of the 5G air interface, radio access network, and core network. Engineers new to or already working in mobile communications will benefit from this course, gaining valuable insights into the latest advancements in 5G technology. Participants in this course are assumed to have familiarity with general engineering and telecommunications terminology, with some understanding of LTE cellular systems being beneficial. The course covers a range of topic areas, including 5G introduction and key features, standardization and timelines for 3GPP and the ITU, use cases and performance objectives, radio spectrum and millimeter wave communications, principles of radio transmission and reception in 5G, radio access network architecture, non-standalone and standalone deployment options, core network architecture, network function virtualization and network slicing, and interworking and compatibility between 5G, LTE, and Wi-Fi. Overall, this 5G Engineering Overview training course offers a valuable opportunity for engineers to deepen their understanding of 5G technology and its implications for mobile communications. Who would benefit This course is intended for engineers either new to, or already working in, mobile communications. Prerequisites Familiarity with telecommunications and general engineering terminology is assumed. Some understanding of LTE cellular systems would be beneficial. Topic Areas Include 5G introduction and key features Standardisation and timelines for 3GPP and the ITU Use cases and performance objectives Radio spectrum and millimetre wave communications Principles of radio transmission and reception in 5G Radio access network architecture Non standalone and standalone deployment options Core network architecture Network function virtualisation and network slicing Interworking and compatibility between 5G, LTE and Wi-Fi

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Our 5G Air Interface training course provides a comprehensive technical overview of the air interface for the 5G New Radio (5G NR). This course delves into the principles of millimetre wave and multiple antenna communications, the architecture and implementation of the air interface's physical layer, as well as the higher layer air interface protocols and signalling procedures for both idle and active 5G devices. Ideal for engineers and professionals involved in equipment design, operation, optimization, or monitoring on the 5G air interface, this course assumes an engineering background with some knowledge of general radio principles and digital radio systems. While a basic understanding of 5G and experience with LTE radio systems are desirable, they are not mandatory prerequisites.In addition to the 2-day course covers a range of topic areas including 5G introduction, use cases, and standardization, radio spectrum and millimetre wave communications, principles and implementation of multiple antennas in 5G, and more. For those looking to deepen their understanding further, we also offer an optional 5G Virtual Lab Module where participants can explore, test, optimize, and troubleshoot the 5G system in a fully emulated environment. Join us to enhance your knowledge and skills in the dynamic world of 5G technology. Who would benefit The course is intended for engineers and other staff who are involved with equipment design, operation, optimization or monitoring on the 5G air interface. Prerequisites An engineering background with some knowledge of general radio principles and digital radio systems is assumed. A basic understanding of 5G and experience of LTE radio systems would be desirable. Topic Areas Include: 5G introduction, use cases and standardisation Radio spectrum and millimetre wave communications Principles and implementation of multiple antennas in 5G Architecture of the air interface physical layer Details and implementation of the 5G physical, transport and logical channels Air interface procedures for synchronisation, scheduling, data transmission, feedback and random access Dual connectivity architecture and protocol stacks Optional 5G Virtual Lab Module Explore, Test, Optimise, and Troubleshoot the 5G System Deep dive into the key signalling scenarios in the 5G system and analyse the output to build a deeper understanding that goes beyond the theoretical. The lab is a fully emulated 5G System environment that enables you to experiment with the configurations for Network Functions and build customized settings for signalling scenarios that helps you to develop greater insight into the operation of the 5G System. Lab modules can be added to any relevant 5G course. Learn more and arrange a demo. Also available as a Self-Study Online learning programme, learn more.

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Course Summary Enhance your skills in 3G indoor coverage planning with our comprehensive training course. Designed for experienced GSM indoor planners looking to transition into WCDMA coverage, this course covers various indoor scenarios and planning techniques to provide you with the knowledge and expertise needed in indoor UMTS coverage. Ideal for engineers moving into UMTS indoor coverage or those working in planning-related roles, this course delves into topics such as traffic dimensioning, propagation modeling, link budgets, antenna positioning, and more. With practical planning exercises included, you will gain hands-on experience to apply your learnings in real-world scenarios.Don't miss this opportunity to advance your career in indoor coverage planning.  Who would benefit Experienced GSM indoor planning engineers moving into UMTS indoor coverage, as well as those working in planning-related areas or needing to understand UMTS planning considerations. Prerequisites Attendees should already have knowledge and experience of GSM indoor coverage planning. Previous attendance on the UMTS Air Interface course (MB2002) is advantageous. Topic Areas Include: Traffic dimensioning Office and corporate scenarios Shopping centres Packet-switched traffic Propagation modelling Measurements Link budgets Antenna positioning Tunnels Stadiums RF safety (ICNIRP) Picocells Repeaters Femtocells Distributed antennas Fibre distribution Integrating indoor cells Includes practical planning exercises.

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Course Code:  MB1404 Course Overview This 2G to 4G Mobile Networks training course offered by Wray Castle provides a comprehensive technical overview of key cellular technologies, including 2G GSM, GPRS, 3G UMTS, and 4G LTE, all in one convenient package. Designed for technical professionals who need a solid understanding of these technologies without the need to delve into each one separately, this course is ideal for engineers, technical sales representatives, technical managers, and other staff members looking to gain a broad understanding of modern mobile technologies.Participants in this course do not need any specific prerequisites other than the ability to grasp technical information, making it accessible to a wide range of individuals interested in expanding their knowledge of mobile networks. The curriculum covers essential topics such as PSTN overview, SS7 signaling basics, call control signaling, GSM CS domain interfaces and protocols, UMTS architecture, LTE, and more. By the end of the training, attendees will have a solid foundation in 2G to 4G mobile networks, enabling them to better navigate the complexities of modern cellular technologies in their professional roles. Who Would Benefit This course is suitable for engineering, technical sales, technical management and other staff who require a general technical overview of modern mobile technologies but who do not need to invest the time necessary to learn about each technology in depth. Prerequisites This is a technical foundation course. Candidates do not need any specific prerequisites other than the ability to grasp technical information. Course Contents                                                        PSTN Overview SS7 Signalling Basics Call Control Signalling, ISUP and SCCP 2G Circuit Switched Domain GSM CS Domain Interfaces and Protocols CAMEL GPRS UMTS Architecture Overview UMTS Air Interface UMTS Circuit Switched Core – Protocols and Procedures UMTS Packet Switched Core – Protocols and Procedures LTE

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Course Code: LT1314 Course Summary Our LTE Quality of Service training course is designed to provide a comprehensive understanding of the key concepts and principles behind Quality of Service (QoS) in LTE networks. This course delves into the End-to-End EPS Bearer and the underlying Transport Network Layer (TNL) where QoS is crucially applied. Participants will explore the main QoS concepts and learn about the interworking between LTE QoS and other network types such as UMTS, GPRS, and IMS.This course is ideal for engineering and technical management professionals who need a technical overview of the technologies and techniques utilized by 4G LTE networks to define and control the QoS for user connections. Participants are expected to have an engineering background with some knowledge of telecommunications technologies and protocols. Previous LTE training and familiarity with QoS mechanisms in legacy 2G and 3G networks would be beneficial.By enrolling in this course, you will gain insights into topics such as E-UTRAN architecture and interfaces, EPS Bearer and PDN Connectivity options, LTE QoS parameters, QCI, ARP, QoS Management, LTE PCC mechanisms, TNL concepts, DiffServ, MPLS, Ethernet QoS, and much more. Enhance your knowledge and skills in LTE QoS with our expert-led training course. Who would benefit This course is suitable for engineering and technical management staff who require a technical overview of the technologies and techniques employed by 4G LTE networks to define and control the QoS applied to user connections. Prerequisites An engineering background with some knowledge of telecommunications technologies and protocols is assumed and previous LTE training would be beneficial, as would knowledge of QoS mechanisms in legacy 2G and 3G networks. Topic Areas Include E-UTRAN architecture and interfaces EPS Bearer and PDN Connectivity options and operations User plane connection concepts, packet flows, SDFs and Traffic Flow Aggregates LTE QoS parameters, QCI, ARP QoS parameter representation in LTE signalling protocols QoS Management – TFTs and packet filters LTE PCC (Policy and Charging Control) mechanisms PCC Rules, function and structure Interaction between PCC elements and internal and external network nodes Mapping LTE QoS to legacy network schemes Measuring QoS TNL concepts, architecture and QoS mechanisms DiffServ, MPLS and Ethernet QoS End-to-End QoS Architecture and Operation Network node QoS functions QoS influence on LTE handovers Also available as a Self-Study Online Learning Programme, learn more.

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Course Code: MB1304 Course Summary This 2G to 4G Indoor Coverage Planning course is intended for experienced cell planners wishing to move into indoor coverage planning. The course details all of the issues of indoor planning from initial site survey to integration. This 2G to 4G Indoor Coverage Planning course is designed for experienced cell planners looking to transition into indoor coverage planning. From initial site surveys to integration, this course covers all aspects of indoor planning in detail. Participants will gain valuable insights into indoor propagation considerations, calculating indoor coverage, equipment for measuring coverage, methods for providing coverage, passive and active DAS, indoor antennas, link budget calculations, handover parameters, MIMO configurations, and coverage in challenging environments like elevators and trains. Practical planning exercises are also included to enhance learning and application of the concepts covered.Ideal for experienced cell planners seeking to expand their expertise into indoor coverage planning, as well as individuals who need to understand the complexities of indoor planning issues, this course offers a comprehensive overview of the planning process for GSM, UMTS, and LTE networks. Previous attendance on the Cell Planning for UMTS Networks and Cell Planning for LTE Networks courses is advantageous for participants looking to maximize their learning outcomes.  Who would benefit Experienced cell planners wishing to move into indoor coverage planning, as well as those who need to understand indoor planning issues. Prerequisites Previous attendance on the Cell Planning for UMTS Networks course (MB2005) and Cell Planning for LTE Networks (LT2901) is advantageous. Topic Areas Include The planning process Initial planning and site survey Traffic dimensioning for GSM, UMTS and LTE Indoor propagation considerations Calculating indoor coverage Equipment for measuring indoor coverage Methods for providing indoor coverage Passive DAS Active DAS Indoor antennas Link budget calculations for GSM, UMTS and LTE Handover and cell reselection parameters for GSM, UMTS and LTE MIMO configurations Coverage in elevators and trains Includes practical planning exercises.

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5gThis short course is designed to provide a focused introduction to two key aspects of the Open Radio Access Network (O-RAN) framework: Module 1: O-RAN Architecture and Intelligent Control Explore the core components of the O-RAN architecture, including the disaggregated network functions, key interfaces, and the role of Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning in enabling intelligent, automated network optimisation. Module 2: O-RAN Use Cases and Traffic Steering Learn how O-RAN supports more flexible and mobile-centric traffic steering strategies. The module explains the motivations behind operator-defined policies, the roles of the RICs, and includes a practical use case illustrating how traffic can be dynamically steered based on service requirements.

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Multi-access Edge Computing (MEC) is redefining how services are delivered by bringingcomputing power closer to the user - at the network edge. This approach reduces latency,improves efficiency, and enables new applications across industries. In this course, you’ll start by answering the question: What is MEC? You’ll explore itsconceptual foundations, the role of ETSI, and the drivers behind this shift, including costrealignment and the need for ultra-low latency. The course introduces enablingtechnologies such as cloud computing, virtualization, NFV/SDN, and 4G/5G, showing howthey combine to make MEC possible. Next, you’ll examine the MEC architecture, including service-based interfaces and highlevelrequirements for features and services. You’ll dive into real-world use cases, fromvideo analytics and location-based services to Industry 4.0, AR/VR, and V2X applications.The course also addresses challenges posed by MEC and how they are being overcome.Designed for professionals in telecoms, IT, and emerging technology fields, this courseprovides a clear, practical introduction to MEC - ideal for anyone seeking to understandhow edge computing enables next-generation services. Course Contents Introduction to MEC What is MEC Enabling Technologies for MEC MEC Overview MEC Architecture Requirements Use Cases Emerging Technologies

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Mobile devices constantly switch between idle and connected states to balanceperformance and power efficiency. Understanding these activities is essential for anyoneworking in mobile networks, radio planning, or device optimization. In this course, you’ll start with idle mode activities, exploring how devices select andreselect cells across technologies like GSM, UMTS, LTE, 5G, and Wi-Fi. You’ll learn aboutpower-on procedures, cell selection criteria, location updating, and how routing and trackingareas are managed. The course explains key parameters such as C1 and C2, andintroduces advanced concepts like URA updates and PLMN selection. Next, you’ll dive into connected mode activities, covering measurement procedures andhandover strategies for GSM, UMTS, LTE, and 5G. You’ll explore how devices report signalquality, trigger events for handover, and maintain connectivity during mobility. Topicsinclude soft handover, outer loop power control, and advanced measurement events (A1–A6, B1–B2) used in 5G networks. You’ll also learn about automatic neighbour relations andhow they simplify network management. Designed for professionals in telecoms and wireless engineering, this course provides aclear, practical introduction to idle and connected mode operations - ideal for anyoneseeking to understand how mobile devices interact with cellular networks in real-worldscenarios. Course Contents Idle Mode Activity for Mobile Devices GSM Cell Selection GSM Cell Reselection Location Updating UMTS Cell Selection and Reselection UMTS Update Procedures LTE Power On Procedure LTE Cell Reselection 5G Cell Selection Procedure 5G Cell Reselection Wi-Fi Mobility Connected Mode Activity for Mobile Devices GSM Handovers UMTS Handovers LTE Handovers 5G Handovers

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Radio signals don’t just travel in straight lines - they interact with the environment incomplex ways. Understanding how propagation works, and what affects coverage andinterference, is essential for anyone involved in wireless communications, broadcasting, ornetwork planning. In this single-module course, you’ll start with the fundamentals of radio propagation,exploring how signals behave across different frequency bands - from VLF and LF throughHF, VHF, and beyond. You’ll learn about the role of the ionosphere, how conditions varybetween day and night, and how space waves enable long-distance communication.Next, you’ll examine radio coverage, including key factors such as reflection, scattering,diffraction, and attenuation. The course explains how terrain, clutter, and atmosphericanomalies impact signal reach, and why coverage planning is critical for reliable service. Finally, you’ll dive into radio interference, covering issues like co-channel and adjacentchannel interference, illegal operation, and frequency planning. You’ll also explore howweather conditions and noise affect performance, and what strategies help mitigate thesechallenges. Designed for professionals in telecoms, broadcasting, and wireless technologies, thiscourse provides a clear, practical introduction to radio propagation, coverage, andinterference - ideal for anyone seeking to understand the principles behind reliable radiocommunication. Course Contents Propagation Radio Coverage Radio Interference

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Network Functions Virtualisation (NFV) is transforming how modern networks are built, managed, and scaled. By decoupling network functions from proprietary hardware and running them on virtualised environments, NFV enables flexibility, efficiency, and innovation across telecom and IT ecosystems. In this course, you’ll explore the NFV functional architecture and the NFV Infrastructure (NFVI) that underpins it. Starting with the NFV framework and its core principles, you’ll learn how virtualised network functions (VNFs) are composed, scaled, and interconnected. The course introduces key concepts such as VNF descriptors, forwarding graphs, and reference points, giving you a clear view of how NFV systems communicate and operate. You’ll also dive into the NFVI layer, examining its components - compute, storage, and networking, and how technologies like hypervisors, cloud computing, and virtualisation enable NFV deployments. Topics include performance optimisation, security aspects, and advanced techniques such as CPU pinning, micro-segmentation, and VXLAN overlays. By the end, you’ll understand how NFV and MANO (Management and Orchestration) work together to deliver agile, scalable network services. Designed for professionals in telecoms, IT, and network engineering, this course provides a practical, jargon-free introduction to NFV architecture and infrastructure - ideal for anyone looking to understand the foundations of virtualised networking without diving into vendor-specific details. Course Contents NFV Functional Architecture NFV Framework and VNFs Virtual Links and Forwarding Graphs Reference Points and Infrastructure Options NFV Infrastructure (NFVI) NFVI Architecture NFVI and Virtualization Hypervisor Domain Containerisation Compute and Infrastructure Network Domains NFVI Implementation

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Cellular networks rely on precise measurements to deliver reliable coverage and highqualityservice. Understanding these principles is essential for anyone working in mobilecommunications, network planning, or performance optimization. In this course, you’ll start with the foundations of cellular radio, exploring traditionalcoverage methods, the cellular philosophy, and concepts like reuse distance, cellhierarchies, and antenna configurations. You’ll learn how propagation, multipath effects,and fading - such as Rayleigh and Rician fading, impact signal quality, and how diversitytechniques improve performance. Next, you’ll dive into radio measurements, covering key concepts such as logarithms,decibels, and power levels in dBm and dBW. The course explains how to perform systemcalculations and interpret measurements across technologies including GSM, UMTS, LTE,and Wi-Fi. You’ll explore metrics like RSRP, RSRQ, SINR, and timing advance, and seehow best-server plots are used for network optimization. Designed for professionals in telecoms and wireless engineering, this course provides aclear, practical introduction to cellular radio measurements - ideal for anyone seeking tounderstand how signal strength and quality are assessed in modern mobile networks. Course Contents Cellular Radio Principles Cellular Philosophy Base Stations Cellular Coverage Cells in Built up Areas Propagation Issues Radio Measurements Decibels GSM Measurements UMTS Measurements LTE Measurements SINR Measurements 5G Measurements Wi-Fi Measurements

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Backhaul is the backbone of mobile networks, connecting cell sites to the core and ensuring seamless service delivery. As networks evolve to support 4G, 5G, and beyond, understanding backhaul technologies and planning principles is critical for telecom professionals. In this course, you’ll start with an overview of backhaul planning, including traditional and evolved requirements, architecture for multi-RAT environments, and techniques for dimensioning transport networks. You’ll learn how backhaul supports access networks and why its design impacts performance and scalability. Next, you’ll explore transport network architecture, covering 3GPP definitions, layered design, and evolution toward multi-operator and multi-RAT solutions. The course examines backhaul transmission options, comparing Layer 1 technologies, Ethernet physical layers, and microwave radio systems, along with their capacities and limitations. You’ll also dive into synchronization for mobile backhaul, including frequency, phase, and time requirements. Topics include Precision Time Protocol (PTP), Synchronous Ethernet, telecom profiles, and synchronization architectures for packet-based networks. Finally, you’ll review industry initiatives and standards, such as NGMN and MEF, and learn how IP/MPLS, VLAN management, and QoS mapping enable secure, resilient backhaul. The course addresses security, load balancing, and operational best practices for modern mobile networks. Designed for professionals in telecoms and network engineering, this course provides a clear, practical introduction to cellular backhaul technologies - ideal for anyone seeking to understand how transport networks evolve to meet the demands of next-generation mobile services. Course Contents Backhaul Planning Overview Transport Network Backhaul Technologies Synchronisation of Mobile Backhaul Backhaul Initiatives

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Multi-access Edge Computing (MEC) relies on robust APIs and standards to enableseamless integration of applications and services at the network edge. Understanding these interfaces is key to unlocking MEC’s full potential in 5G and beyond. In this course, you’ll start with an overview of MEC standards and the ETSI standardizationprogramme, including the latest developments and principles behind API design. You’llexplore core APIs such as Radio Network Information, Location Services, UE Identity,Bandwidth Management, and Multi-Traffic Steering, as well as APIs for WLAN, fixedaccess, V2X, and IoT. The course also covers application management interfaces,including lifecycle management, package management, and application descriptors (AppD). Next, you’ll dive into advanced topics such as MEC federation, support for slicing, securityand regulatory considerations, and best practices for QoS measurement. You’ll learn howMEC integrates with 5G networks, including traffic steering, local access to the 5G datanetwork, and mapping MEC APIs to CAPIF. Real-world examples, proofs of concept, anddeployment trials illustrate how MEC APIs enable interoperability and innovation acrossdiverse ecosystems. Designed for professionals in telecoms, IT, and edge computing, this course provides aclear, practical introduction to MEC APIs and service integration - ideal for anyone seekingto understand how standards and interfaces drive next-generation edge services. Course Contents API Principles Core Service APIs Advanced Service APIs Management APIs Additional Standardization Topics – Part 1 Additional Standardization Topics – Part 2 5G integration issues – Part 1 5G Integration issues – Part 2 5G Integration MEC Ecosystem

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Software Defined Networking (SDN) is reshaping how networks are designed, managed,and scaled. By separating the control and data planes, SDN introduces flexibility,programmability, and automation - key drivers for modern network evolution. In this course, you’ll begin with the foundations of SDN, exploring its origins, goals, and howit differs from traditional networking. You’ll learn why SDN emerged, the role of virtualisationand cloud computing, and how concepts like X-as-a-Service and network abstractionsinfluence its design. The course explains SDN’s split architecture, hierarchical interfaces,and control plane abstractions, giving you a clear understanding of how SDN enables agile,software-driven networks. Next, you’ll dive into SDN architecture and standards, covering evolving switch designs,controller interactions, flow tables, and deployment techniques such as hybrid, edge, andpanopticon models. You’ll also explore open-source platforms like OpenDaylight andONOS, and see how SDN integrates with NFV for end-to-end service orchestration. Designed for professionals in telecoms, IT, and networking, this course provides a practical,jargon-free introduction to SDN - ideal for anyone looking to understand the principles,architecture, and real-world applications of software-defined networking. Course Contents Introduction to SDN Evolution to SDN Abstracted View of Networks SDN Control Example SDN Application SDN and NFV SDN Architecture and Standards Network and SDN Architecture SDN Architecture Switch Deployment SDN Open-Source Components

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Radio frequency and spectrum are at the heart of modern communications, enablingeverything from mobile networks to broadcasting and satellite services. Understanding how frequency, bandwidth, and spectrum work is essential for anyone involved in telecoms, networking, or wireless technologies. In this course, you’ll start with the fundamentals of frequency and bandwidth, exploringconcepts such as sine waves, time and frequency domains, and the differences betweenanalogue and digital signals. You’ll learn how signal quality is measured, how analogue-to digital conversion works, and why bandwidth matters for services ranging from humanspeech to commercial applications. Next, you’ll dive into the radio spectrum, examining how frequencies are allocated andmanaged globally and nationally. The course introduces key organisations and frameworks, including ITU-R, CEPT, ECO, and Ofcom, and explains how spectrum licensing and exemptions operate within the UK. You’ll also gain insight into the role of World RadioConferences (WRC) in shaping international spectrum policy. Designed for professionals in telecoms, broadcasting, and wireless technologies, thiscourse provides a clear, practical introduction to frequency, bandwidth, and spectrum - ideal for anyone seeking to understand the foundations of radio communication without getting lost in technical complexity. Course Contents Frequency and Bandwidth Radio Spectrum

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Network Functions Virtualisation (NFV) isn’t just a concept, it’s a practical solution shapingthe future of telecom and IT services. This course explores real-world NFV applications,showing how virtualisation delivers flexibility, scalability, and cost-efficiency across diversenetwork environments. In this course, we’ll look at NFV use cases, diving into specific scenarios, including: NFVI as a Service (NFVIaaS) and how it operates across multiple domains Virtual Network Function as a Service (VNFaaS) and Virtual Network Platform as aService (VNPaaS), plus a comparison of the two VNF Forwarding Graphs (VNF FGs) and their role in service chaining Virtualisation of mobile core networks, IMS, base stations, and home environments Advanced deployments such as virtual CDNs (vCDN) and fixed access NFV You’ll also explore ETSI Proof of Concept (PoC) projects, including demonstrations ofvirtual EPC applications, SDN-controlled forwarding graphs, and resilience techniques. These examples show how NFV is implemented in real networks and the benefits it bringsto operators and service providers. Designed for professionals in telecoms, IT, and network engineering, this course provides apractical, jargon-free look at NFV in action. Ideal for anyone who wants to understand howvirtualisation is applied to real-world network challenges.

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Accurate radio surveys are essential for planning, optimizing, and troubleshooting wirelessnetworks. This course introduces the tools and techniques used in real-world surveyscenarios, helping you understand how measurements are captured and analysed forreliable coverage. In this course, you’ll start with practical demonstrations of survey tools, including drivesurvey systems, R&S ROMES drive test software, and R&S TSMA radio scanners. You’lllearn how measurements are recorded outdoors and indoors, and explore advancedfeatures such as automatic cell detection (ACD), cellular coverage surveys, and basestation analysis. The course also covers cell position estimation, handover analysis, andWi-Fi coverage surveys, giving you a comprehensive view of survey applications. Next, you’ll gain guidance for conducting radio network surveys, including best practices forpersonal safety, spot/location surveys, route profiling, and indoor coverage assessments.You’ll learn how to choose between idle mode and connected mode measurements, andhow to perform specialized surveys such as network profiling and aeronautical surveys.Designed for professionals in telecoms and wireless engineering, this course provides apractical, hands-on introduction to radio survey tools and techniques - ideal for anyoneseeking to understand how coverage data is collected and used to optimize networkperformance. Course Contents Tools for Radio Surveys - Practical Demonstrations Mobile Drive Survey Tools PC Based Survey Tools Indoor Surveys Radio Scanners R&S NESTOR Survey Tool Automatic Cell Detection (ACD) Cellular Coverage Surveys Base Station Analysis Cell Position Estimation Wi-Fi Network Surveys Guidance for Radio Network Surveys Guidance for Radio Network Surveys

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The course provides participants with the necessary knowledge and skills to identify and resolve issues in fibre optic networks. It covers network architectures such as Point-to-Point, Hybrid Fibre Coaxial, and Passive Optical Networks. Participants will learn about passive optical components, active network equipment and testing tools, including VFL, OLS, OPM, and OTDR. The course focuses on optical link characterisation and addresses common network issues like excessive link loss and high optical return loss. It also explores OTDR fault location techniques for identifying bends, fusion splice issues, and connector problems.  Course Contents Introduction to Fibre Optic Networks: Fibre Optic Network Architectures: Passive Optical Components Active Network Equipment Fibre Optic Testing and Inspection Equipment: Optical Link Characterisation: Common Fibre Optic Network Issues OTDR Fault Location and Detection

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This course offers a practical understanding of Passive Optical Networks (PONs) and highlights their key advantages and limitations compared to other competing architectures. The course covers the current passive optical network standards as well as the next-generation PON technologies. Additionally, it provides insights into the design and planning considerations for various deployment scenarios, including installation, testing, commissioning, and troubleshooting common issues.  Course Contents Introduction to Optical Networks Passive Optical Networks Basics Components of Passive Optical Networks Common PON Standards Design and Planning Deployment and Installation Safety Best Practices Network Operation & Maintenance Quality of Service (QoS) in PON

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The Fibre Optics Foundations learning pathway has been designed to enable you to build a solid understanding of fibre optic principles and how modern telecommunications networks are designed and deployed. The pathway consists of two courses: Fibre Optics Introduction (Instructor-Led or Distance Learning) and Network Fibre Optics (Instructor-Led). The programme has been designed for new entrants, graduates, career switchers, planners, project managers, and non-technical stakeholders. Successfully completing the Fibre Optics Foundations learning pathway will enable learners to gain skills in: Fibre types and characteristics Optical transmission basics Network topologies (access, aggregation, core) Real-world operator context (Vodafone-aligned) Fibre Optics Introduction Our Fibre Optic Introduction course is designed to provide participants with a solid foundation in fibre optics, covering both the advantages and challenges associated with this technology. Attendees will gain an understanding of the fundamentals of light, fibre optic basics, key building blocks and equipment, as well as the deployment process.  Course Contents Fibre Optic Networks: Building Blocks  Fibre Optic Networks: Testing and Troubleshooting Full course details here. Network Fibre Optics This course provides an overview of fibre optic communication systems, from fundamental principles to advanced applications. Course Contents Signal Processing Basics Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM) High-Speed Data Transmission over Fibre Optical Network Design and Optimisation  Network Planning and Installation Emerging Trends in Fibre Optics Full course details here.  

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The Fibre Optics Deployment and Installation learning pathway has been designed to enable you to build a solid understanding of fibre optic principles and how modern telecommunications networks are designed and deployed. The pathway consists of two instructor-led courses: Air Blown Fibre and Fibre Optic Splicing and Termination. Field engineers, contractors, rollout teams, infrastructure partners to gain practical knowledge of modern fibre deployment, installation, and termination techniques used in large-scale operator networks. Successfully completing the Fibre Optics Deployment and Installation learning pathway will enable learners to gain skills in: Air-blown fibre systems and use cases Splicing methods and best practices Connectorisation and termination Installation quality and performance considerations Air Blown Fibre This foundational course designed to introduce participants to the principles and practices of air blown fibre technology. This course covers the basics of fibre optic networks, the advantages of using air blown fibre, and the essential techniques for installation and maintenance. Course Contents Introduction to Fibre Blowing Technology Equipment and Materials Preparation and Setup Fibre Blowing Installation Procedures Troubleshooting and Maintenance Quality Assurance and Standards Full course details here. Fibre Optic Splicing and Termination Designed for both beginners and experienced technicians, this course provides a thorough understanding of fibre optic technology. It focuses on splicing and termination techniques essential for reliable network performance. Course Contents Introduction to Fibre Optics Fibre Optic Network Architectures Fibre Optic Splicing Techniques Fibre Optic Termination Methods Testing and Troubleshooting Full course details here.  

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The Fibre Access Networks & Operations learning pathway has been designed to enable to develop the skills needed to operate, maintain, and troubleshoot fibre access networks in live operator environments. The pathway consists of two instructor-led courses: Passive Optical Networks (PON) and Troubleshooting Optical Networks. The pathway has been designed for access network engineers, operations teams, NOC staff, escalation engineers. Successfully completing the Fibre Access Networks & Operations learning pathway learning pathway will enable learners to gain skills in: PON architectures and variants Fault diagnosis and isolation Performance degradation causes Operational best practices Passive Optical Networks This course offers a practical understanding of Passive Optical Networks (PONs) and highlights their key advantages and limitations compared to other competing architectures.  Course Contents Introduction to Optical Networks Passive Optical Networks Basics Components of Passive Optical Networks Common PON Standards Design and Planning Deployment and Installation Safety Best Practices Network Operation & Maintenance Quality of Service (QoS) in PON Full course details here. Troubleshooting Optical Networks The course provides participants with the necessary knowledge and skills to identify and resolve issues in fibre optic networks. Course Contents Introduction to Fibre Optic Networks: Fibre Optic Network Architectures: Passive Optical Components Active Network Equipment Fibre Optic Testing and Inspection Equipment: Optical Link Characterisation: Common Fibre Optic Network Issues OTDR Fault Location and Detection Full course details here.  

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Fibre Networks Learning Pathways Wray Castle offers structured learning pathways to build expertise in fibre optic technologies for modern telecom networks. Each pathway combines instructor-led courses (classroom or live online) designed for engineers, planners, project managers, and technical teams. 1. Fibre Optics Foundations Gain a solid understanding of fibre principles and network design. Courses: Fibre Optics Introduction, Network Fibre Optics Skills: Fibre types, optical transmission, network topologies, real-world operator context. Learn more. 2. Fibre Deployment & Installation Develop practical skills for large-scale fibre rollout. Courses: Air Blown Fibre, Fibre Optic Splicing & Termination Skills: Air-blown fibre systems, splicing techniques, connectorisation, installation quality. Learn more. 3. Fibre Access Networks & Operations Learn to operate and troubleshoot fibre access networks. Courses: Passive Optical Networks (PON), Troubleshooting Optical Networks Skills: PON architectures, fault diagnosis, performance optimisation, operational best practices. Learn more.

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The comprehensive three-module training series, is designed to empower professionals within the telecommunications industry with the knowledge and tools to help drive the transition towards net-zero carbon emissions. The program offers a holistic understanding of sustainability in telecoms, with a focus on aligning what we do with global environmental goals. In the first module, Achieving Net Zero in Telecoms, participants gain a foundational understanding of the sustainability landscape and the telecom sector's overall role in reducing carbon footprints. The second module, Network Efficiency Techniques for Net Zero, delves into practical strategies for optimizing network efficiency and minimizing energy consumption. It explores emerging techniques and best practices that enhance efficiency. Finally, the third module, Engineering for Net Zero, provides a foundation in terms of the engineering principles that can be used to optimise network efficiency - enabling engineers to develop and sustain energy-efficient telecom networks.  By the end of the program, participants will be better equipped to contribute to the industry's vital mission of achieving net-zero emissions while ensuring the long-term sustainability of their telecom operations - all whilst enabling other industries in their own race to net zero.

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ORAN set to transform the Radio Access Networks (RAN) and in turn the Industry that supports it. The ORAN Alliance is working towards an architecture which is open, intelligent, virtualized and fully interoperable with the intention of enabling a more competitive and innovative RAN supplier ecosystem. For the telecommunications operator, ORAN-compliant mobile networks improve the efficiency and flexibility of RAN deployments and operations – both essential as networks are densified, and as they evolve through the deployment phases of 5G. This course provides a solid introduction to O-RAN, exploring the purpose, features, architecture, operation and deployment options. The way O-RAN principles, and its foundation in virtualisation, supports the evolution to 5G is also discussed, as well as the impact of using ORAN architecture on both the open and standardised interfaces. Who would benefit Those in or entering technical roles in a mobile network operators Radio Access Network (RAN) environment. Prerequisites A basic understanding of cellular radio networks from a radio network perspective as well as the ability to comprehend technical subjects, would be useful. Topic Areas Include Radio Access Networks 3GPP RAN Architecture for 5G O-RAN, O-RAN Operations and Maintenance Whitebox Basestations

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From Moderation to Intelligence — A Three‑Level Capability Programme Modern digital platforms shape communication, identity, commerce and criminal behaviour. Online harms are cross‑platform, AI‑amplified and increasingly coordinated. Regulators, oversight bodies and enforcement agencies need structured, legally defensible, intelligence‑led capability. Wray Castle’s Digital Harm Governance Pathway provides a progressive three‑level training programme that builds institutional competence from foundational moderation to advanced AI‑enabled investigation. Programme Overview A modular pathway delivered live online or in‑classroom. Each level is a 2‑day intensive course focused on operational capability, legal compliance and intelligence‑ready governance. Level 1: Foundational: Social Media Content Moderation (2 Days) Focus: Governance, consistency and evidential integrity Participants learn: Harm typologies (CSEA, extremism, hate crime, fraud, self‑harm, misinformation etc.) Content–Context–Intent analysis Harm–Threat–Vulnerability triage Evidence capture & chain-of-custody Moderator governance, escalation & welfare controls Alignment to communications and media legislation Outcome: A structured, legally defensible moderation capability embedded across teams. Learn more Level 2: Intermediate: Practical AI Utilisation for Daily Operations (2 Days) Focus: Controlled and accountable AI integration Participants learn: AI concepts (LLMs, NLP, Computer Vision, ML) AI-assisted triage & high‑volume content screening Prompt engineering for consistency & bias mitigation AI analysis of text, image, audio, video Detection of scams, misinformation & coordinated behaviour Deepfake awareness and manipulation risks Automated workflows, watchlists & governance documentation Outcome: Scalable moderation operations enhanced by AI with full legal and supervisory control. Learn more Level 3: Advanced: AI‑Enabled Digital Profiling & Investigation (2 Days) Focus: Intelligence‑led, cross‑platform enforcement capability Participants learn: Cross‑platform persona tracing & digital footprinting Metadata extraction & evidential strengthening Behavioural pathway analysis (grooming, radicalisation, exploitation) Detection of coordinated inauthentic networks Migration tracking across open & encrypted spaces OSINT integration & investigative simulation Production of enforcement‑ready investigative reports Outcome: Advanced, intelligence-led digital oversight with AI‑supported investigative depth. Learn more Capability Progression Reactive Moderation → Structured Governance → AI‑Optimised Operations → Intelligence‑Led Digital Enforcement Strategic Value for Institutions Stronger evidential and procedural defensibility Increased consistency & proportionality in moderation Safe, governed adoption of AI technologies Enhanced safeguarding and early threat identification Improved inter‑agency coordination Strengthened oversight credibility

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Duration: 2 Days The Practical AI-Enabled Digital Profiling & Investigation course is part of the Digital Harm Governance Pathway. This course is at Stage 3 and establishes Advanced level knowledge within the pathway by practical simulated investigation. The Net Organisational Effect is enhanced investigative capability, increased defensibility of digital profiling processes, and strengthened regulatory enforcement capacity. Course Summary This advanced programme develops structured investigative and profiling capabilities for complex online harms and digital offences. It focuses on cross-platform digital footprinting, behavioural pathway analysis, coordinated activity detection, and evidentially robust OSINT profiling. Who the Course Is For Senior regulatory investigators Digital enforcement teams Intelligence analysts National cyber units Intelligence analysts Inter-agency task forces Learning Objectives Conduct structured digital profiling Correlate cross-platform intelligence Capture evidentially robust digital artefacts Detect coordinated campaigns and platform migration Produce profiling reports suitable for enforcement submission Course Modules Typical Generic Legal Foundations for Digital Investigation Digital Footprinting and Evidence Collection Social Network and Behavioural Analysis Profiling Tools and Governance End-to-End Investigation Simulation

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Duration: 2 Days This Social Media Content Moderation course is part of the Digital Harm Governance Pathway. This course is at Stage 1 and establishes Foundational level knowledge within the pathway. The Net Organisational Effect is improved consistency, defensibility, and operational maturity in social media content moderation. The Social Media Content Moderation course provides a structured operational framework for content moderation within regulatory, enforcement, and safeguarding environments. It establishes the legal, ethical, and procedural foundations required to identify, assess, classify, and escalate harmful or illegal online content across major digital platforms. Who the Course Is For? The course has been designed to benefit those working in: Telecoms and media regulators Digital platform oversight bodies Law enforcement online monitoring teams Safeguarding professionals OSINT practitioners and analysts Trust & Safety teams Learning Objectives Successfully complete Social Media Content Moderation and you will be able to: Distinguish between platform moderation and regulatory mandates Identify harmful and illegal online content using structured harm typologies Apply the Content–Context–Intent analytical framework Capture and preserve digital evidence in accordance with legal standards Maintain evidential chain of custody Apply proportional escalation pathways Course Modules Introduction to Content Moderation Typical Generic Legal and Regulatory Framework Considerations Categories of Harmful Content Moderation Frameworks and Decision Tools Tools, Workflow Management and Evidence Capture

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Duration: 2 Days The Practical AI Utilisation for Daily Operationscourse is part of the Digital Harm Governance Pathway. This course is at Stage 2 and establishes Intermediate level knowledge within the pathway. The Net Organisational Effect is the controlled, lawful, and accountable integration of AI into daily moderation operations, increasing capability without increasing institutional risk. Course Summary This course develops structured, lawful and accountable integration of artificial intelligence tools into daily content moderation operations. Participants learn to deploy AI technologies while maintaining human oversight, regulatory compliance and evidential integrity. Who the Course Is For Regulators supervising digital platforms Online monitoring units Trust & Safety teams Digital compliance teams Intelligence analysts OSINT practitioners Moderation supervisors Learning Objectives Participants will be able to: Define key AI technologies relevant to moderation Identify suitable AI tools for operational use Apply prompt engineering for structured outputs Use AI to analyse text, video, image and audio content Support detection of misinformation, scams and high-risk indicators Build AI-supported moderation workflows Generate AI-assisted reports with human oversight Apply ethical and data protection safeguards Course Modules AI Technologies in Content Moderation Practical AI Application Workflow Automation and Reporting Ethics, Governance and Legal Compliance Scenario-Based Operational Exercises

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The Radio Principles – Practical Workshop (RP2501) is a two-day hands-on training course designed to reinforce core radio communication principles through practical experimentation and equipment operation. Participants work in small groups rotating through a series of technical workstations, each focused on commonly used radio engineering tools and systems. Through guided exercises, delegates gain practical experience using equipment such as oscilloscopes, spectrum analysers, vector network analysers, radio test sets, and software-defined radio platforms. The workshop also introduces practical radio configuration techniques including fleetmapping and programming of analogue PMR and DMR radios using Customer Programming Software (CPS). By combining theory reinforcement with practical measurement, configuration, and signal analysis activities, the course helps participants build confidence in using industry-standard test equipment and in understanding how radio systems behave in real-world scenarios. Learning Outcomes By the end of this workshop, participants will be able to: Use an oscilloscope to identify radio waveforms and measure signal characteristics such as frequency and amplitude Configure analogue PMR and DMR radios using Customer Programming Software (CPS), including channels, zones, talk groups, time slots and colour codes Perform basic RF performance measurements including transmit power and receiver sensitivity using a radio test set Use a spectrum analyser to observe signals, harmonics, spurious emissions and off-air activity Use a vector network analyser (VNA) to measure VSWR and examine RF filter characteristics using Smith charts Understand the basic principles of software-defined radio (SDR) and implement a simple receiver using GNU Radio Companion Interpret measurement results and relate them to the performance and behaviour of practical radio systems Who Would Benefit This workshop is intended for engineers and technical professionals who require practical experience with radio measurement tools and radio system configuration. It is particularly suitable for: Radio and RF engineers seeking hands-on familiarity with common test equipmentTelecommunications engineers working with private mobile radio (PMR) or digital mobile radio (DMR) systems Field technicians responsible for installation, testing, or maintenance of radio systems Technical staff supporting radio network deployment or troubleshootingAnyone wishing to reinforce theoretical radio principles through practical exercises Participants will gain confidence in operating radio test and analysis equipment while developing practical skills in radio system configuration and performance measurement. Workshop Contents The Oscilloscope Fleetmapping Vector Network Analyser Software Defined Radio Radio Text Set Spectrum Analyser There are six sets of equipment as depicted below. Depending on the group size the equipment will be used by delegates working in groups so a class size of 12 can easily be accommodated. With each set of equipment there will be a series of exercises designed to reinforce the theory learned in the classroom and a chance to learn how to operate commonly used equipment. Once a group has completed the set of exercises, they ‘rotate’ to the next piece of equipment.

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This 90-minute technical session explores the architectural shift from static, hardware-defined connectivity to a dynamic, software-centric ecosystem.  We examine how the "TechCo" model leverages 3GPP Releases 16, 17, and 18 to transform the network into a programmable interface, allowing external applications to request and trigger specific network behaviours on-demand. By analysing the critical interplay between exposure, management, and service layers, we look at the actual protocols required to safely open the 5G Service-Based Architecture (SBA) to third-party developers without compromising core integrity.  We explore how standardized frameworks like CAPIF and SEAL act as the essential middleware, abstracting 5G complexity into high-value functional blocks for vertical industries.  From ensuring secure northbound communication via the NEF to enabling "Network-as-Code" for industrial automation, this session provides a comprehensive blueprint for building a production-grade Network as a Platform (NaaP) that is scalable, interoperable, and ready for the global API economy. The Transition from Telco to TechCo The NEF as the SBA Frontier Core Northbound APIs & Traffic Influence Security, Rate-Limiting, and Topology Hiding CAPIF: The Common API Framework Automated API Discovery & Governance Multi-Provider & Cross-Operator Interconnection SEAL: Service Enabler Architecture Layer Vertical Middleware: Group & Location Management The Vertical Application Layer (VAL) Integration

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This webinar explores how 5G-Advanced is transforming satellites from isolated backhaul pipes into integrated, high-performance access nodes that are fully integrated within the global 5G architecture and ecosystem.  We will dive into the shift from proprietary constellations to 3GPP-standardised Non-Terrestrial Networks (NTN), including a focus on how Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellites are now capable of providing Direct-to-Device (D2D) connectivity to unmodified smartphones. We will address the "physics of the problem," including the engineering required to manage massive Doppler shifts and latency over thousands of kilometres. Participants will gain a clear understanding of the architectural trade-offs between Transparent (Bent-pipe) and Regenerative (gNodeB in space) payloads. Whether you are within an MNO looking to eliminate coverage "dead zones" or a hardware developer designing next-gen chipsets, this session provides the technical and strategic roadmap for the next era of advanced NTN networks. Key Discussion Topics Include: Comparing LEO, MEO, and GEO roles in 5G+ throughput and latency Spectrum Strategy 3GPP Standardisation - enabling seamless satellite-terrestrial roaming NTN Architecture Options Bent-Pipe vs. Regenerative Payloads Direct-to-Device (D2D): - connecting standard smartphones Managing the extreme Link Budget Doppler & Timing Compensation Massive IoT-NTN - leveraging NB-IoT and eMTC The developing market, Case Studies, and evolution to the 6G Vision

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This 90-minute session explores the ongoing evolution of the network. We look at how 5G Advanced (3GPP Releases 18, 19 and 20) enables the continuing transformation of the network into an increasingly resilient, flexible, and intelligent platform capable of supporting a much wider set of advanced consumer, and (especially) industrial use cases.  By exploring key features and concepts like Non-Terrestrial (Satellite) Networks, the AI-driven air interface, and enhanced positioning - and developments in both the architecture and protocols of the underlying system that bring a range of performance benefits – we will see how 5G Advanced can meet the rigorous demands of industrial automation and immersive eXtended Reality (XR). We then shift focus to the early research and architectural pillars of 6G, examining the leap toward "AI-Native" networks and Integrated Sensing and Communication (ISAC), where the network functions as both a data carrier and a radar-like sensor. From Terahertz (THz) frequencies to "zero-energy" IoT devices that harvest ambient power, this session provides an initial look at the emerging and potential technologies that are expected to fuse the digital and physical worlds into a single, ubiquitous ecosystem. Evolutionary Roadmap - towards 6G 5G Advanced Fundamentals Enhanced Industrial IoT Non-Terrestrial Networks (NTN) Next-Gen Immersive Media Green Connectivity AI-Native Networking Integrated Sensing and Communication (ISAC) The Terahertz (THz) Frontier Future Use Cases

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This course provides a focussed introduction to the mathematical concepts required for telecommunications engineering. It is designed for engineers involved in the design, deployment and management of telecommunication systems. It covers key mathematical concepts such as logarithms, complex numbers and probability distributions, and uses them in telecommunication applications such as power calculations, signals, modulation and noise. The emphasis is on practical understanding, engineering interpretation and conceptual clarity. Prerequisites The course assumes prior knowledge corresponding to qualification level 2 in England, Wales and Northern Ireland (GCSE grades 4-9 or the equivalent), including familiarity with basic algebra. Course Contents Exponentials, Logarithms and Decibels Sinusoids, Radians and Waves Complex Numbers and Arithmetic Complex Exponentials and Signals Probability and Statistics Noise, SNR and System Limits

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Indoor wireless connectivity has become a critical component of modern communications infrastructure, driven by increasing user expectations, 5G deployment, and the digitisation of enterprise, transport, healthcare, and public safety environments.  However, achieving reliable, high-performance indoor coverage remains technically and operationally complex due to signal attenuation, building materials, interference, and multi-operator requirements.Distributed Antenna Systems (DAS) provide a proven and scalable solution to these challenges, enabling enhanced indoor coverage, capacity, and service quality across a wide range of environments. This course provides a structured and practical understanding of Indoor DAS systems, covering the full lifecycle from design principles and system architectures through to evaluation, measurement, optimisation, and modernisation. It combines theoretical grounding with real-world engineering considerations, enabling participants to confidently assess, improve, and manage DAS deployments. The programme is applicable across 4G and 5G environments, with consideration of neutral host models, digital DAS evolution, and enterprise/private network integration. Course Modules Introduction to Indoor DAS DAS Schematics and System Design Evaluating Existing DAS Deployments Measuring DAS Performance DAS Optimisation Techniques Modernisation and Reporting Learning Outcomes Participants completing this course will be able to: Confidently assess iDAS deployments from both technical and operational perspectives Identify performance issues such as imbalance, interference, and uplink noise Apply practical optimisation techniques to improve user experience and network KPIs Interpret measurement data and heatmaps to support decision-making Engage effectively with vendors and integrators using correct technical language Support investment and upgrade decisions, including migration to digital DAS Improve delivery quality and reduce rework in iDAS projects

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As utilities rely more on advanced digital communication networks for efficiency, safety, and reliability, the demand for skilled telecommunications professionals continues to grow. The Diploma and Advanced Diploma in Telecommunication Systems for Utilities provide structured training in the technical skills needed to support mission-critical utility telecom infrastructure. The programmes combine foundational and advanced learning in areas such as IP networking, cloud computing, radio technologies, mobile communications, and transmission systems, helping professionals build resilient and secure networks for smart grids, remote monitoring, and other critical services. Why This Programme Is Important for the Utility Sector Utilities - encompassing electricity, gas, and water - depend on robust telecommunication networks to monitor and control operations in real time. With the rise of smart grids, automation, and IoT-based systems, reliable and scalable telecom solutions are essential for: Grid Stability and Resilience – Supporting real-time monitoring, automation, and predictive maintenance. Cybersecurity and Compliance – Protecting critical infrastructure and meeting regulatory standards. Operational Efficiency – Improving performance through remote monitoring, optimisation, and automation. Support for New Technologies – Enabling 5G, AI-driven network management, and cloud-based operations. These courses equip professionals with the skills to design, deploy, and maintain secure, reliable telecom networks for modern utility environments. Overall Learning Outcomes & Key Benefits Upon successful completion, learners will: Develop a strong foundation in telecom principles specific to utility operations. Gain expertise in network planning, IP networking, and mobile communications. Acquire hands-on skills through instructor-led sessions and guided projects. Understand the role of telecoms in smart grids and evolving utility infrastructure. Build proficiency in radio technologies, microwave link design, and transmission systems. Learn to troubleshoot and maintain critical telecom networks. Be prepared for industry certification and career advancement in utility telecom engineering.

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Key Topics Covered Fundamentals of telecom private cloud architecture, including NFVI components, high availability, edge/distributed deployments, and evolution from NFV to cloud-native platforms Design of virtual infrastructure and cloud platforms, covering compute, storage, networking, resource isolation, and data centre fabric integration Private cloud networking and security, including segmentation, tunnelling, service discovery, and protection of core and edge workloads Integration of containers and Kubernetes, supporting CNFs alongside virtual machines with advanced networking and data plane considerations Operational models and lifecycle management, including planning, monitoring, upgrades, disaster recovery, and governance processes Learning Outcomes Architect and operate Vodafone-engineered private cloud platforms using modern SDN & cloud-native tooling Design efficient VPC layouts, routing, service discovery and secure multi‑tier architectures Implement overlay/underlay technologies including VxLAN, GRE and IPsec Optimise VNFC networking using DPDK/SR‑IOV for high‑performance workloads. Course Modules Foundations of Telecom Private Cloud Architecture Virtual Infrastructure & Network Cloud Platform Design Private Cloud Networking & Security Container Integration on Private Cloud Operational Model & Lifecycle Management

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Key Topics Covered Foundations of closed-loop automation, including the Monitor–Analyse–Decide–Act model and its role in improving service reliability, efficiency, and SLA performance across network domains Telemetry and real-time observability, covering data collection from multi-domain sources, streaming analytics, and integration with assurance systems Analytics and decision-making frameworks, including rule-based and AI-driven policy engines for SLA monitoring, predictive analysis, and automated decision triggers Automated orchestration and remediation actions, enabling scaling, rerouting, reconfiguration, and fault recovery across RAN, Core, Transport, and Cloud End-to-end service assurance integration, including KPI monitoring, SLA enforcement, incident automation, and alignment with operational processes Learning Outcomes Apply closed‑loop automation frameworks (monitor → analyse → decide → act) Identify relevant telemetry/KPI sources for real‑time decisions Explain interplay between analytics engines and orchestration layers Understand assisted vs full closed‑loop implementation models." Target Audience Network automation engineers AI/analytics engineers supporting network assurance OSS platform architectsOperations teams responsible for service assurance and performance

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Key Topics Covered Fundamentals of 5G Service-Based Architecture (SBA), including core network functions, service-based interfaces, service discovery, and cloud-native design principles Deployment of cloud-native network functions (CNFs), covering packaging, orchestration, configuration pipelines, observability, and lifecycle management SBA interworking and migration, including coexistence with legacy networks, hybrid deployments, and transition from 4G to standalone 5G 5G Core signalling, protocols, and procedures, including registration, session management, NF interactions, and troubleshooting SBA security, policy, and exposure frameworks, including authentication, API security, and network exposure mechanisms Learning Outcomes Understand Service-Based Architecture (SBA) principles in 5G Core Deploy cloud-native network functions using containers, and automation workflows Identify interworking with existing EPC/NSA environments and migration considerations Analyse performance, scaling and resilience requirements for 5G SA Target Audience 5G core engineers and architects Cloud platform engineers supporting 5G SA deployments DevOps and automation engineers working with network functions Integration and testing engineers supporting SA rollout

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Key Topics Covered Fundamentals of 5G network slicing, including slice types, identifiers, domain separation, and use cases for consumer and enterprise services Slice templates and SLA-driven design, covering performance parameters, KPI mapping, admission control, and policy-based configuration Static and dynamic slicing lifecycle automation, including on-demand instantiation, scaling, modification, and orchestration-driven provisioning End-to-end multi-domain slice coordination, covering RAN, Transport, and Core integration for complete service delivery across heterogeneous networks Slice assurance and closed-loop management, including real-time monitoring, analytics, and automated optimisation to maintain SLA performance Learning Outcomes Design slice templates using SLA‑driven parameters (latency, throughput, availability) Differentiate static vs dynamic slicing and lifecycle automation Integrate assurance, analytics and orchestration for closed-loop slice management Evaluate business use cases for enterprise and consumer slicing Target Audience 5G core and network slicing engineers Enterprise solutions architects Network service design and product teams Automation engineers supporting end-to-end service delivery  

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Key Topics Covered Foundations of virtualisation in telecom, including the evolution to cloud-native architectures and the role of VMs and containers in 5G core and edge environments Cloud networking essentials, covering virtual networks, segmentation, overlay technologies, secure connectivity, and integration with transport and core networks Containerisation fundamentals, including container lifecycle, workload types, and resource isolation for telecom-grade deployments Kubernetes and container orchestration, including architecture, CNF management, resilience mechanisms, and deployment across core and edge environments Container networking models, including multi-interface support, high-performance data paths, and integration with orchestration and transport systems Learning Ourcomes Understand fundamentals of network & IT virtualisation/Containerization (NFV, CNF) and container orchstration Explain how virtualisation enables scalability, resiliency, and automation in converged core network Identify the role of cloud-native functions in Vodafone’s transition to software-defined networks Describe the operational impact on lifecycle management, orchestration, and assurance Target Audience Core network engineers transitioning to cloud-native architectures Network cloud and platform engineers Technical operations staff supporting Life Cycle Management (LCM) of CNF's and NS's

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Indoor wireless connectivity has become a critical element of modern communications infrastructure, supporting enterprise digitisation, passenger connectivity, public safety, operational radio and mission-critical services across buildings, campuses, venues, transport hubs and enclosed environments. However, reliable indoor and enclosed-area coverage can be difficult to achieve. Building materials, complex layouts, tunnels, underground areas, multi-operator requirements, interference, capacity demand and operational resilience all influence the choice of radio solution. Distributed Antenna Systems (DAS) provide a proven approach for extending and managing radio coverage and capacity across complex environments. This overview course introduces the role of Indoor DAS (iDAS), how different DAS architectures are used, how they compare with alternatives such as small cells, repeaters, radiating cable and private networks, and what should be considered when scoping, procuring or evaluating a deployment. The course deliberately includes rail, transport and critical communications applications, including stations, depots, tunnels, TETRA/PMR environments, emergency services coverage, public mobile services, GSM-R/FRMCS migration context and future mission-critical broadband considerations. The emphasis is on practical awareness rather than detailed engineering design. This programme is suitable as a standalone technical overview and as a progression route into the full Indoor DAS - Design, Evaluation, Measurement and Optimisation course for delegates who require deeper practical design and performance-analysis capability. Course Contents: Indoor and Enclosed-Area Coverage Drivers iDAS Fundamentals and Architectures DAS Alternatives, Complements and Hybrid Solutions Scoping and Design Considerations Rail, Transport and Critical Communications Applications Evaluation, Measurement and Acceptance Modernisation and Next-Step Decisions

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Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS), including GPS, Galileo, GLONASS and BeiDou, are widely used for navigation, tracking, fleet management, emergency service operations and timing. The increasing availability of low-cost GNSS jammers, together with more sophisticated spoofing techniques, creates an operational challenge for law enforcement and associated agencies. This one-day course gives participants a practical understanding of GNSS interference, how jamming and spoofing present in operational environments, and how suspected incidents should be recognised, recorded, escalated and investigated. The course deliberately compresses technical theory and emphasises field detection using the GPSPATRON GP-Probe Nano L1 detector/logger. Participants handle the detector, complete a baseline survey, interpret alert behaviour, capture logs or screenshots, and apply an evidence-focused incident workflow. Spoofing is covered as an awareness and escalation topic; the hands-on component is focused on practical jamming/interference detection and operational reporting rather than detailed RF direction finding or forensic GNSS analysis. This programme is suitable as a standalone operational overview and as a progression route into a fuller GNSS interference investigation course for delegates who require detailed spectrum-analysis, direction-finding, spoofing-investigation or evidential casework capability. Course Structure The course is structured as a one-day operational overview with practical detector handling. Timings and exercise emphasis can be tailored for police, border, transport, port, aviation, maritime or critical infrastructure audiences. Course Contents GNSS, Operational Dependency and Threat Drivers GNSS Jamming, Spoofing and Criminal Use Cases Operational Indicators, Triage and Reporting GPSPATRON GP-Probe Nano L1 Familiarisation Baseline Survey, Field Detection and Source Narrowing Legal, Evidence and Multi-Agency Escalation Scenario, Debrief and Next-Step Decisions Learning Objectives Participants completing this course will be able to: Explain how GNSS is used for operational tracking, navigation and timing, and why receiver-level interference can disrupt policing, transport and infrastructure activity. Distinguish at a practical level between GNSS jamming, spoofing, poor reception, multipath, receiver faults and tracking-platform anomalies. Recognise common criminal and public-safety use cases for GNSS interference, including vehicle theft, cargo crime, tracker evasion, drone-related disruption and critical infrastructure impacts. Use the GPSPATRON GP-Probe Nano L1 at a user level for detector/logger familiarisation, including device-status checking, detector/logger mode awareness, alert interpretation and Android-assisted visualisation where available. Conduct a structured baseline survey and preliminary source-narrowing activity using safe movement, signal-strength observations, approach/retreat checks and appropriate supervision.

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