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This 5G Engineering on-demand course is a technical introduction to 5G. The course includes the design goals and development schedule for 5G, the principles, design and implementation of the 5G air interface, radio access network and core network, and the operation of the 5G system. This course is delivered as a self-paced on-demand distance learning course and features illustrated course books, videos, tests and full tutor support. Who would benefit This course is intended for engineers either new to, or already working in, mobile communications. Prerequisites Familiarity with telecommunications and general engineering terminology is assumed. Some understanding of LTE cellular systems would be beneficial. Topic Areas Include 5G introduction, key features and standardisation Use cases and performance objectives Principles of the air interface: radio spectrum, OFDMA and multiple antennas Air interface protocol stack Architecture of the air interface physical layer Procedures for data transmission and reception on the 5G air interface Radio access network architecture and protocols Non-standalone and standalone deployment options Core network architecture and protocols Network function virtualisation and network slicing Interworking and compatibility between 5G, LTE and Wi-Fi PDU connectivity, Quality of Service and service provision Signalling procedures in the 5G network

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This course provides a comprehensive understanding of Mobile Technologies at a technical overview level, and is ideal as a foundation for a wide range of job functions and roles within telecommunications and adjacent industries.- The programme builds a solid understanding of 2G (GSM), 3G (UMTS), 4G (LTE) and 5G, focusing on the most important aspects of cellular communication technologies and how the principles are applied within each generation. This includes techniques that support basic GSM Voice and SMS, through to the complex set of network and connection requirements needed for advanced 4G and 5G services and use cases. Services, Air Interface, Radio Access Networks, Core Networks, Transmission, Interworking (between generations), and end-to-end connectivity aspects are all considered in order to build a complete picture of modern networks.- On completion, participants will be much better placed to significantly contribute across a wide range of projects and business activities within their own organisation. This self-paced on-demand distance learning course features illustrated course books, videos, tests and full tutor support. Who would benefit This course is suitable for engineering, technical sales, technical management and other staff who require a general technical overview of mobile technologies but who do not need to invest the time necessary to learn about each technology in depth. Prerequisites A basic understanding of telecoms principles would be beneficial. Topic Areas Include: An overview of basic radio and cellular techniques and technologies Network Generations from 2G to 5G 3GPP Release programme An overview of 2G (GSM) network architecture and functionality GSM TDMA air interface operating principles GPRS and EDGE upgrades to GSM GSM services TETRA networks An overview of 3G (UMTS) network architecture and functionality UMTS WCDMA air interface operating principles HSPA and HSPA+ upgrades to UMTS An overview of 4G (LTE) network architecture and functionality LTE OFDMA air interface operating principles Evolved Packet Core (EPC) operation Small cells and heterogeneous networks Self Organising Networks (SON) LTE voice options LTE Advanced and LTE Advanced Pro Wi-Fi/Cellular interworking LTE operation in unlicensed frequency bands Machine Type Communications (MTC) LTE for public safety Introduction to 5G 3GPP use cases for 5G Performance targets for 5G Radio Spectrum for 5G 5G OFDMA air interface 5G System Architecture Non Standalone (NSA) and Standalone (SA) New Radio (NR) 5G Core Network Functions

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A technical overview of the billing and charging architecture defined for 4G LTE networks, including a review of LTE bearer, traffic flow and QoS concepts. The course goes on to examine the architecture of the billing system, both online and offline and identifies the key nodes, interfaces and protocols employed to transport billing and charging information. Finally, the interactions with the billing system during basic LTE procedures are outlined. This self-paced on-demand distance learning course features illustrated course books, videos, tests and full tutor support. Who would benefit Engineers, designers, managers and others involved in the development, deployment or operation of LTE billing and charging systems. Prerequisites Familiarity with the LTE Evolved Packet Core is assumed. Experience of 2G or 3G billing systems would be beneficial. Topic Areas Include Review of EPS bearer concepts and LTE QoS models Packet flows, service data flows and traffic flow aggregates Deep packet inspection – heuristic algorithms and bearer-aware applications Outline of policy and charging control LTE billing and charging concepts Flow-based charging Billing architecture Online and offline charging systems Charging data capture points (S-GW, PDN-GW) IMS charging capture points Charging Data Function (CDF) Protocols – Diameter, CAP Interfaces – Gy, Gz, Rf, Ro and others Charging criteria – time-based, volume-based, application-based CDR formats CDR generation Charging interaction with basic LTE procedures

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This 5G Architecture and Protocols Overview on-demand training course is a technical introduction to the 5G network. The course includes the design goals and development schedule for 5G, the principles, design and implementation of the core and radio access networks of 5G. This self-paced on-demand distance learning course features illustrated course books, videos, tests and full tutor support. Who would benefit This course is intended for engineers either new to, or already working in, mobile communication networks. Prerequisites Familiarity with telecommunications and general engineering terminology is assumed. Some understanding of LTE cellular systems would be beneficial. Topic Areas Include: 5G introduction, key features and standardisation Use cases and performance objectives Radio access network architecture and protocols Non standalone and standalone deployment options Core network architecture and protocols Network function virtualisation and network slicing Interworking and compatibility between 5G, LTE and Wi-Fi PDU connectivity, Quality of Service and service provision Signalling procedures in the 5G network

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A technical introduction and overview of LTE and LTE-Advanced, including the air interface, radio access network, core network and other key associated technologies. This self-paced on-demand distance learning course features illustrated course books, videos, tests and full tutor support. Who would benefit This course is intended for engineers either new to, or already working in, mobile communications. Prerequisites Familiarity with telecommunications and general engineering terminology is assumed and some understanding of 2G and 3G cellular systems would be beneficial. Topic Areas Include High level architecture of LTE Basic principles of OFDMA and SC-FDMA Air interface protocol stack Structure of the air interface physical layer E-UTRAN architecture, interfaces and protocols EPC architecture, interfaces and protocols LTE state diagrams Principles of bearers and Quality of Service (QoS) Voice options for LTE Power-on procedures UE procedures in idle and connected modes Enhancements in LTE-Advanced

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This course will cover a wide range of topics, starting with the basics of services and connectivity. It will provide insight into the evolution of telecommunication networks over time, reflecting on both historical advancements and future trends. We will begin with an introduction to the foundational aspects of telecom services and connectivity, setting the stage for more detailed explorations. We will then delve into fixed access technologies, starting with traditional copper pair connectivity and progressing through the evolutionary phases of fixed broadband access. This will include a thorough discussion of the technologies that have shaped and continue to influence fixed network landscapes. The mobile sector will receive a focused analysis beginning with the fundamental cellular concepts. We will explore the evolution of mobile broadband, especially under the frameworks established by the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP), covering technologies from GSM to advanced LTE and 5G networks. An essential component of this course will be a deep dive into operational support systems (OSS) and business support systems (BSS), which are critical for managing modern telecommunications services. We will examine the key platforms that support telecom services, such as billing, customer service, and network management systems. The course will also cover the burgeoning area of the Internet of Things (IoT), detailing how this technology integrates into existing telecom infrastructures and the new opportunities it creates. Additionally, we will consider the infrastructure backbone of the telecom industry, focusing on data centres and the relative costs associated with telecom infrastructure, excluding spectrum costs. Course Contents: Introduction Services and Connectivity - Evolution Fixed Access Mobile Access Support Systems Infrastructure

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Core Network Functions are explored, including their overall purpose, their specific role within the SBA, and the features / services that they support. This is followed by a comprehensive survey of the 5G Core and SBA supporting protocols and technologies, as well as a thorough examination of the Service Based Interface (SBI) and Service APIs (Application Programming Interfaces). Example procedures then allow us to build a comprehensive picture of the relevant techniques and features, and to make sense of the way in which the SBA is consistent with, and supports, key 5G enabling principles - including virtualisation and network slicing. Finally, security on the SBI is explored, highlighting the new network functions and techniques that have been introduced with 5G to provide new security features (including the roaming scenario), and a more secure core network domain. This self-paced on-demand distance learning course features illustrated course books, videos, tests and full tutor support. Who would benefit This course is designed for those involved in the design, deployment and development of the 5G Service Based Architecture and the 5G Core. Prerequisites This is a technical course, so experience or knowledge of the 5G system from a technical perspective would be an advantage. Topic Areas Include 5G Introduction and Deployment Options The 5G Core Network Functions 5G Core Supporting Protocols and Technologies The Service Based Interface (SBI) and Service APIs Explained Procedures Deployment options SBI Security

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This 5G Air Interface online training course provides a detailed technical description of the air interface for the 5G New Radio. It covers the principles of millimetre wave and multiple antenna communications, the architecture and implementation of the air interface’s physical layer, the higher layer air interface protocols, and the signalling procedures for idle and active 5G devices. This self-paced on-demand distance learning course features illustrated course books, videos, tests and full tutor support. Who would benefit The course is intended for engineers and other staff who are involved with equipment design, operation, optimization or monitoring on the 5G air interface. Prerequisites An engineering background with some knowledge of general radio principles and digital radio systems is assumed. A basic understanding of 5G and experience of LTE radio systems would be desirable. Topic Areas Include: 5G introduction, use cases and standardisation Radio spectrum and millimetre wave communications Principles and implementation of multiple antennas in 5G Architecture of the air interface physical layer Details and implementation of the 5G physical, transport and logical channels Air interface procedures for synchronisation, scheduling, data transmission, feedback and random access Dual connectivity architecture and protocol stacks Also available as a Live Online Training Programme, learn more.

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The Telecoms Industry is based on a range of technologies that are extremely diverse, wide ranging, and highly complex. With this foundation, the industry is able to support a wide variety of service propositions in a significant number of identifiable sectors, and as a result, a vast array of business models. The complex business ecosystems are comprised of many thousands of companies and the relationships that exist between them. This includes Communications Service Providers (CSP), Network Equipment and Handset Vendors, Service / Support Companies, Standardisation Bodies, Regulators, and Content / Media Companies. The ecosystems are dynamic in nature and evolving rapidly in terms of focus. The sheer scale of it all makes it difficult to fully understand and analyse, but in this course, we start that process. We explore the overall make-up of the industry and the business dynamics; the types of organisations involved and their roles and relationships; the service propositions; and main customer segments. We also briefly consider company strategy and business models. An evaluation of the key technologies that support the industry is made, including projections, time-lines and overall market trajectories. Topic Areas Include: Telecoms Industry and Business Dynamics The Technology Explained and Evaluated Telecoms Industry and Market Update

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The world has seen a phenomenal growth in the application and use of radio technology. What haven’t changed, however, are the principles upon which all of these technologies are built.The Radio Principles course provides an in-depth understanding of these principles on which radio technologies are built, taking students on a logical and detailed path through the various aspects of the theory, and practice, of radio communications. Through attendance on this course, delegates will build an understanding of how radio works and how this impacts manufacturers, users and operators of radio technology. Who would benefit Those requiring an understanding of the principles and concepts of radio that underpin today’s radio technologies. Prerequisites Some experience in telecommunications engineering is beneficial but the course is also suitable for delegates with an aptitude for technical subjects. Topic Areas Include The use and management of the radio spectrum Waveform fundamentals and baseband information Power levels and measurementsAnalogue and digital modulation techniques Simplex, semi-duplex and duplex - FDD and TDD Multiplexing – FDMA, TDMA, CDMA and OFDMA Transmitters and receivers Antennas and transmission lines Radio propagation mechanisms Introduction to coverage prediction Principles of cellular coverage techniques Diversity and MIMO An overview of fixed and mobile radio technologies in use today

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The course covers all of the essential aspects of planning point-to-point microwave link systems, from conception to commissioning. Who would benefit Those involved in the specification, planning and maintenance of fixed microwave radio transmission, backhaul and access links. Prerequisites A good knowledge of radio principles, or a background in telecommunications engineering, or attendance on the Radio Principles course (RP1301). Topic Areas Include ITU-R and CEPT recommendations ETSI standards Spectrum management and channel plans Frequency assignment Digital radio performance characteristics Noise and interference in radio systems Reliability, availability and performance objectives Microwave antennas and feeders Radiation Pattern Envelopes (RPEs) Refraction, k-factor, reflection and diffraction Path profiling and Fresnel zone clearance Power budgets Rain and Multipath/Dispersive fade margins Dimensioning space and frequency diversity Interference management Practical link planning exercises Practical exercises, including design of a fixed link transmission network.   On-Demand Online Training Our self-paced on-demand distance learning programmes are accessible on any computer, tablet or smartphone and allow you to study at a time and location that is convenient to you. Each course includes: Illustrated Course Books - featuring leading edge knowledge from subject matter experts. Videos - Detailed videos expand the points covered in the course books, discussing topics in greater depth.  Tutor Support – Dedicated course tutors are available to answer any questions you might have throughout your studies. Formative Assessment - Modules include regular quizzes to support learning by testing your knowledge of the subject matter. Certification– Successfully complete the end of module tests to earn Digital Badges to demonstrate the depth of your knowledge of the topic. Also available as a Live Online Training, Learn more

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A detailed technical description of the Evolved Packet Core (EPC) for LTE systems. This includes EPC architecture and interfaces, service provision concepts, application of IP technologies, overall protocol architectures and (optionally) a review of IMS functionality. This self-paced on-demand distance learning course features illustrated course books, videos, tests and full tutor support. Who would benefit Engineers and other staff involved with switching or transmission architecture, optimization, network management, network testing or monitoring of the EPC. Prerequisites An engineering background with some knowledge of core network technologies, including IP, is assumed. Experience of 2G or 3G systems would be beneficial. Topic Areas Include High level architecture of LTE Functions of the MME, S-GW, PDN-GW, HSS and PCRF LTE state diagrams Inter-operation with 2G, 3G and non-3GPP networks Voice options for LTE Principles of bearers and Quality of Service (QoS) Data transport in the EPC Policy and charging control architecture IETF protocols in the EPC, including SCTP, DiffServ and Diameter 3GPP protocols in the EPC, including GTP and S1-AP Power-on procedures UE procedures in idle and connected modes Enhancements in LTE-Advance

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This course provides a detailed overview of the issues related to the planning of backhaul services designed to support 4G LTE Cellular sites in both dedicated and single Radio Access Network (RAN) environments. The course focuses on planning techniques related to the most commonly-employed backhaul technologies used in conjunction with LTE, such as Ethernet, packet-based microwave and IP. It also covers aspects such as timing and security solutions and presents techniques that can be employed to estimate backhaul requirements and plan for suitable deployments. This course is delivered as a self-paced on-demand distance learning course and features illustrated course books, videos, tests and full tutor support. Who would benefit This course is designed for engineers working for network operators in the planning and implementation of RANs and in particular the backhaul region from the cell tower back to the core network and are looking at the options that exist to provide backhaul solutions suitable for 4G LTE networks. Prerequisites No specific prerequisites for this course although a good understanding of mobile networks and in particular the radio access part of 3GPP based networks. Topic Areas Include Backhaul overview Backhaul planning techniques Defining 4G backhaul requirements Backhaul technologies appropriate for 4G networks Transport network evolution Multi RAT and Multi Operator (MRMO) Synchronization options Cell throughput expectations Industry initiatives and forums Radio to transport QoS mapping VLAN management Backhaul traffic profile Backhaul QoS Planning exercise – cell throughput calculations   On-Demand Online Training Our self-paced on-demand distance learning programmes are accessible on any computer, tablet or smartphone and allow you to study at a time and location that is convenient to you. Each course includes: Illustrated Course Books - featuring leading edge knowledge from subject matter experts. Videos - Detailed videos expand the points covered in the course books, discussing topics in greater depth.  Tutor Support – Dedicated course tutors are available to answer any questions you might have throughout your studies. Formative Assessment - Modules include regular quizzes to support learning by testing your knowledge of the subject matter. Certification– Successfully complete the end of module tests to earn Digital Badges to demonstrate the depth of your knowledge of the topic. Included in Wray Castle Hub This course is also available as part of the Wray Castle Hub. An annual subscription delivers unlimited access to this course and over 500 hours of learning material consisting of 30+ Courses, 190+ Learning Modules, and 1,000+ Videos. Annual Subscription: £1400 (Most cost-effective option) Subscribe to Wray Castle Hub here

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LTE and 5G systems are increasingly important in our lives. These systems have the potential to be the basis of much of our future communications and connected devices. LTE and 5G will be used in all kinds of critical applications where we need to have confidence that our data is safe and protected from attack. The concern of mobile security becomes more critical than ever before. Mobile security describes the measures taken to protect against a wide range of threats that seek to violate our privacy and attack the information stored and sent between our phones and connected devices. This course provides a detailed overview of the security environment developed for LTE and 5G networks in both the access and core network domains. This includes LTE Authentication and Key Agreement (AKA), security procedures and Key derivation for LTE Non-Access Stratum, Access Stratum, Access Network and Core Network security. The course then describes the improvements made in 5G security for both Non-standalone and Standalone Modes, 5G security architectures, 5G key derivation and 5G security contexts, 5G procedures for authentication, key agreement, dual connectivity and interworking. Both roaming and non-roaming scenarios are considered. This self-paced on-demand distance learning course features illustrated course books, videos, tests and full tutor support. Who would benefit This course is designed for engineers, managers and other personnel who have a need to acquire a technical overview of the security environment employed within LTE and 5G networks. It will also be of benefit to those in the wider technical community who have a need to understand the security protocols employed by cellular networks. Prerequisites Attendance on, or equivalent knowledge, LTE Engineering or 5G Engineering would be useful.  Alternatively, experience working in this area of telecoms. Topic Areas Include LTE Security Architecture Authentication and Key Agreement Evolution to 5G 5G Non-Standalone Mode Security 5G Standalone Mode Security

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An essential foundation in the core technologies used in fixed, mobile and IP-based telecoms networks. The fundamentals of networking technologies, such as switching, transmission and signalling and the services that they support are discussed. Next generation networking based on an all-IP environment is also included. This self-paced on-demand distance learning course features illustrated course books, videos, tests and full tutor support. Who would benefit Those working in or entering the telecommunications industry who need to understand the functions and services provided by modern networks. Prerequisites Mathematical ability and aptitude for technical subjects, with the intention to progress in a technical role. Topic Areas Include Telecoms evolution Network components and services The PSTN and ISDN: access and core networks Basic analogue and digital information concepts Time division multiplexing and switching techniques Transmission systems: PDH, SDH, WDM and OTN Mobile cellular systems: 2G, 2.5G, 3G and 3.5G Packet-switched techniques IP, Ethernet, the Internet, ISPs and Internet Services Fixed and Mobile Broadband access technologies Next Generation fixed and mobile networks IP Multimedia Subsystem Also available as a Live Online Training Programme, learn more.

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This short online self study course provides delegates with an understanding of how the radio spectrum is managed, the systems that use spectrum and an overview of the technical matters relating to the design of radio systems. It considers how radio technologies have evolved and what is driving this evolution. This self-paced on-demand distance learning course features illustrated course books, videos, tests and full tutor support. Who would benefit Senior executives, managers, regulators, market analysts and marketeers involved in the telecommunications industry who require an understanding of the wide range of issues surrounding the use and management of radio spectrum. Prerequisites This course is designed for those with no technical background. Topic Areas Include How radio spectrum is managed and regulated How radio spectrum is used The concepts of bandwidth and channels An introduction to the characteristics of antennas Radio wave propagation mechanisms The impact of interference and noise Aligning radio applications to frequency bands Overview of radio systems – including 2G, 3G and 4G What is driving the demand for spectrum? Health and Safety issues

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With SA 5G, we witness the evolution of mobile networks, from being reliant on legacy infrastructure, to achieving true independence - and unlocking unprecedented capabilities that enables 5G to support a much wider range of industrial use cases. In this course, we guide you through the benefits and challenges of deploying Standalone 5G, exploring its architectural advancements, unique features, and the benefits it brings to both consumers and businesses. We then highlight the enhanced capabilities and expanded use cases made possible by key technology enablers - including network slicing, edge computing, virtualization, non-terrestrial networks (NTNs), network exposure, and network automation. We discuss the impact of 5G SA for network operators, service providers, and enterprises - exploring the opportunities and challenges that arise in the deployment and management of advanced 5G networks. Who Would Benefit Ideal for anyone needing clarity on 5G trajectory – including capabilities & use cases Prerequisites A basic appreciation of the telecoms landscape – both technical and business Course Contents                             5G Base Capabilities  A Business Perspective 5G Standalone (SA)  5G Enablers for Industry

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This 5G Technologies, Services and Markets on-demand course is a non-technical introduction to the 5G mobile communication system, including its capabilities, general structure and operation, as well as its position as a development of previous technologies. The course also covers the place that 5G holds in the telecommunications market, and how that is developing. This self-paced on-demand distance learning course features illustrated course books, videos, tests and full tutor support. Who would benefit This course is intended for non-technical professionals either new to, or already working in, the mobile or fixed telecommunications sector. Prerequisites No technical knowledge is assumed but some familiarity with the telecommunications industry would be beneficial. Topic Areas Include Introduction to 5G Market drivers for 5G Use cases for 5G Performance objectives and spectrum requirements Concepts and key features of 5G Architecture of the core and radio access networks of 5G Voice services in 5G Key industry and market players Standardisation and timelines for 3GPP and the ITU 5G, LTE and Wi-Fi – a holistic approach

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The 5G Radio Access Network on-demand course begins by discussing the key features of a 5G network before delving into the finer detail of the 5G New Radio.  The 5G RAN is described in terms of network architecture, base station characteristics, spectrum usage and multiple antenna configurations.  The transport of signalling and traffic over the 5G RAN interfaces, fronthaul and backhaul are analysed followed by an in depth study of the signalling protocols used over those interfaces. This self-paced on-demand distance learning course features illustrated course books, videos, tests and full tutor support. Who Would Benefit Engineers that need to know about the 5G Radio Access Network in terms of its characteristics, architecture, interfaces and operation Prerequisites Ideally students will have a mobile telecommunications or radio background gained from the study of or working with GSM, UMTS or LTE networks. Topic Areas Include Introduction to 5G 5G RAN NG Interface Messages and Procedures Xn Interface Messages and Procedures E1 Interface Messages and Procedures F1 Interface Messages and Procedures Multi-RAT Dual Cennectivity

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This 5G Engineering Overview on-demand course is a technical overview of 5G. The course includes the design goals and development schedule for 5G, and the principles and architecture of the 5G air interface, radio access network and core network. This self-paced on-demand distance learning course features illustrated course books, videos, tests and full tutor support. Who would benefit This course is intended for engineers either new to, or already working in, mobile communications. Prerequisites Familiarity with telecommunications and general engineering terminology is assumed. Some understanding of LTE cellular systems would be beneficial. Topic Areas Include 5G introduction and key features Standardisation and timelines for 3GPP and the ITU Use cases and performance objectives Radio spectrum and millimetre wave communications Principles of radio transmission and reception in 5G Radio access network architecture Non standalone and standalone deployment options Core network architecture Network function virtualisation and network slicing Interworking and compatibility between 5G, LTE and Wi-Fi

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The heart of any cell planning process begins with coverage and capacity estimations, this course will guide you through the variables that impact both coverage and capacity and provides practical worked examples for a variety of scenarios. As well as the planning process it is also important to understand the RF KPIs and measurements that determine link performance, the essential signals and measurement techniques of the NR are covered in this training as well as a detailed look at parameters that affect the random access process, location management and PCI planning. At the conclusion of this training the student will be well versed in the theory and practice of 5G cell planning with a good understanding of both the principles and application of planning techniques. This self-paced on-demand distance learning course features illustrated course books, videos, tests and full tutor support. Who Would Benefit This course is intended for network planning engineers, who wish to learn about the issues that are involved when planning radio access networks for 5G. Prerequisites The course assumes familiarity with telecommunication systems and with the principles of radio network planning. Some understanding of radio network planning for LTE, and of the 5G air interface, would be beneficial. Topic Areas Include Fundamentals of the 5G Air Interface Link Budget Estimation Coverage Estimation Fundamentals of the 5G Air Interface Link Budget Estimation Coverage Estimation

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Cloud computing underpins much of today’s digital infrastructure - but what exactly makes the cloud work? This short, single-module course demystifies the architecture and technologies behind cloud services, giving you a structured overview of how cloud systems are designed, deployed, and secured. In just three hours, you’ll explore the core cloud types - public, private, hybrid - and learn the key terminology that underpins modern cloud discussions. You’ll then look at the enabling technologies that support cloud computing, from virtualisation and containerisation to software-defined infrastructure and automation. The course goes on to explain how cloud services are architected, including layered service models, the roles of cloud orchestration and APIs, and how infrastructure is provisioned dynamically. You’ll also examine how cloud environments are managed and secured, with a focus on governance, monitoring, data protection, and access control. Ideal for technical professionals and learners seeking a deeper understanding of how cloud platforms work, this course equips you with the vocabulary, concepts, and architectural knowledge needed to confidently engage in cloud-related conversations and planning. Course Contents                         Cloud – Types and Terminology Cloud Technology Cloud Architecture and Services Cloud Management and Security

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Cloud computing has revolutionised how individuals, businesses, and governments access, store, and manage data. Whether you're supporting IT operations, planning digital services, or simply want to better understand this vital part of today’s technology landscape, this short, single-module course introduces the core concepts and services that define the cloud. In just three hours, you’ll start by answering the fundamental question: What is ‘The Cloud’? From there, you’ll explore the most widely used service models—SaaS (Software as a Service), PaaS (Platform as a Service), and IaaS (Infrastructure as a Service)—and how they support different user needs. The course explains how these service models compare, what they enable, and why businesses increasingly rely on them for agility, scalability, and cost-efficiency. You’ll also learn how cloud-based services are used in home and office environments and get an overview of the major cloud service providers and the roles they play in the broader ecosystem. Designed for professionals across telecoms, IT, and business functions, this course provides a practical, jargon-free entry point into the world of cloud services—perfect for anyone needing a clear understanding of cloud concepts without diving into deep technical detail. Course Contents; What is ‘The Cloud’ Types of Cloud Service Cloud Service Models and SaaS PaaS and IaaS Service Models – How Do They Compare Cloud-based Home and Office Services Cloud Service Providers  

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This course provides a comprehensive and accessible overview of Web APIs - essential tools for enabling communication between modern software systems. It starts with the basics, defining what APIs are and unpacking the components of an API call, before exploring architectural styles including REST, SOAP, GraphQL, and gRPC. You’ll trace the evolution of APIs and gain insight into key protocols such as HTTP/1.1, HTTP/2, and HTTP/3, as well as common data formats like JSON, XML, and YAML. The course also covers important API standards and specifications such as OpenAPI and AsyncAPI, introduces widely used tools like Swagger and Postman, and outlines core security mechanisms including API Keys, OAuth 2.0, JWT, and OIDC. With structured reading content, visual explanations via short videos, quizzes, FAQs, and a final assessment, this course equips you with the foundational knowledge needed to understand and work with Web APIs in real-world applications. Course Contents Introduction to API Web API Core Protocols API Standards and Specifications API Tools API Security

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Course Code: WR2305 A concise course on interpreting TowerCo Master Services Agreements, focusing on telecommunications industry contracts. While this course is not a substitute for legal advice, it will empower you to understand and navigate these complex agreements, covering topics from the importance of contracts to verifying agreement accuracy, contract validity, proactive contract management, and an in-depth exploration of typical contract sections. By the end of this course, you'll be equipped to make informed decisions and safeguard your organisation's interests. Course Contents: Contractual fundamentals Jargon buster approach Cellsite outsourcing in context Importance of proactive contract management to avoid costly disputes Generic form of a TowerCo Master Services Agreement Authority Matrixes

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This course has been designed for those who do not have a technical background and are new to the telecommunications industry or those who are currently working in the sector. The historical background to telecommunications is described and the technologies, abbreviations and techniques that are employed are explained. During the course, emphasis is placed on learning by group work, discussion and exercises that enhance the understanding of networks and their operation. Use of laptops, tablets and smartphones with Internet access are employed to explore emerging technologies in various areas. Videos and images of equipment and networks are used to explore the many applications of telecommunication in the modern world. Topic Areas Include Defining Telecoms and the Nature of Information A Historical Background to the Telecom Network Digital Fixed Telecom Networks Data Networks Mobile Networks and Wi-Fi Broadband and Emerging Network

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Strategic decision-making is a key component of the vast majority of successful businesses, and the impact of those decisions is very likely to have a huge bearing on the success (or otherwise) of the organisation. Despite the intention that company strategy should drive and guide the mix of activities, and both focus and align efforts within appropriately configured units / departments, very few companies give it the time and attention needed to maximise the impact of good decision-making. This programme looks at each component of strategy in turn, with the decision-making process at the heart of a much more extensive set of activities need to maximise the impact of good strategy. We look at the nature of Strategy; building Awareness (industry, market, business dynamics, company-specific); strategic Analysis; strategy Development; strategy Execution; and key Performance Enablers. We draw all the relevant and varied information together, presenting it as a single flow of processes that can be used to drive successful strategy within any business, department or organisation. Who Would Benefit? These programmes deliver comprehensive training for employees at all levels within the organisation. They would benefit employees, mid-senior managers, directors, specialists, consultants and identified talent. Topics Covered:                                                        Understanding Strategy, Industry and Business Dynamics Understanding the Nature of Strategy Building Awareness Analysing the Market; Developing Strategy & Competitive Advantage, Strategy Execution, KPIS & OKRs Carrying Out Strategic Analysis Developing the Strategy Strategy Execution Key Performance Enablers

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Course Code: MB1801 Course Summary To carry out meaningful radio surveys of GSM, UMTS, LTE and Wi-Fi networks demands a knowledge of how those networks operate and the key radio metrics. These are discussed in detail along with the types of surveys and information they can reveal. The course is focused on the practical issues of performing surveys backed up with demonstrations. The equipment and software used on this course includes the Rohde & Schwarz TSMA radio scanner, ROMES and NESTOR software as well as the QualiPoc, handheld survey tool. Who would benefit Those that need to create a ‘picture’ of the cellular radio network environment to aid coverage optimization, crime scene investigation, alibi verification, intelligence gathering and performance analysis. This course features the Rohde & Schwarz TSMA radio scanner in conjunction with the ROMES and NESTOR software as well as a drive test tool. Prerequisites Previous attendance on GSM, UMTS, LTE and Wi-Fi courses would be advantageous but not essential. Topic Areas Include: Cellular radio principles Cellular radio spectrum and identities Wi-Fi radio spectrum and identities Radio measurements and metrics Cell selection and reselections for GSM, UMTS and LTE Location reporting in idle mode Mobility in Wi-Fi Connected mode activity for mobile devices Tools for radio surveys Spectrum occupancy Coverage surveys Base station position estimation Practical guidance for surveying

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Organisations tend to have a great deal of momentum – the bigger the organisation, the more difficult it can be to change, pivot and reposition. Even smaller business units can be very difficult to transform. Most successful businesses are in a constant state of flux, and they embrace change in order to optimise and pivot accordingly. Whether it is slow evolution, or larger initiatives that require fundamental reorganisation and refocusing of resources and people, the best businesses are able to drive those changes, embrace the new opportunities and maintain their agility and flexibility. This programme explores change within businesses / organisations – whether it is a case of optimising operations, or full-on transformation, we hit the key barriers and enablers for change, before exploring the change process and the role of the leader and key stakeholders. People issues are given a particular focus – in terms of individual and team factors, and the critical role that culture plays in the change process (and in the ongoing organisation). Exercises, case-studies, discussions and break-outs are used to reinforce learning, and to build confidence that participants need to effect positive change in the workplace – whatever size of organisation they work in. Topic Covered Include Key Principles – Optimising Operations and Transformation The Issue of Company Momentum Momentum – the Impact of Corporate Culture and DNA Momentum – Impact of Corporate Attitude to Risk Momentum and Risk – the Results Resistance to Change – Illustrated Understanding the Nature of Change Change – a Non-Stop Journey Evolving to Stay Relevant and Optimised

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Course Code LB06              Course Summary The business world is ever-changing, with focus shifting constantly as industries develop and evolve. Increasing requirement for good governance, however, has been a constant focus over a number of decades now. Companies that embrace good governance as part of their core value-system are invariably in a much better position as they scale, or as they expand /evolve their operating footprint to embrace new sectors or geographies. At its most effective, good governance, is felt throughout the organisation – with shareholders, employees and customers all more likely to engage in a positive and engaging way as the organisation develops. At its worst, bad governance directly contributes to dangerous working conditions or environmental disaster – and very likely, costly lawsuits, and competitive disadvantage. This short module is designed to complement our other business programmes by exploring key aspects of governance and what it all means for businesses. Comprehensive discussions and examples are used to illustrate the wide and varied topics covered, the critical focus areas within each topic, and how progressive governance can be used to positively impact, not only the business, but wider society. Prerequisites None Topics Covered include:                                                     Health and Safety Data Protection Ethical Financial Reporting Employment Practices Charity / Social Engagement Environment and Sustainability Aligning with the UN Sustainable Development Goals Consequential Thinking – The Four-Way Test Sustainability – Example Approached On-Demand Online Training Our self-paced on-demand distance learning programmes are accessible on any computer, tablet or smartphone and allow you to study at a time and location that is convenient to you. Each course includes: Illustrated Course Books - featuring leading edge knowledge from subject matter experts. Videos - Detailed videos expand the points covered in the course books, discussing topics in greater depth.  Tutor Support – Dedicated course tutors are available to answer any questions you might have throughout your studies. Formative Assessment - Modules include regular quizzes to support learning by testing your knowledge of the subject matter. Certification– Successfully complete the end of module tests to earn Digital Badges to demonstrate the depth of your knowledge of the topic.

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Mobile communication systems were originally designed to support voice (with SMS), but then focused primarily on developing data connectivity. With broadband connectivity representing the major areas of opportunity, networks were standardised, deployed and optimised to fully support that [fairly narrow] set of use cases. More recently, machine to machine communication, the Internet of Things (IoT) and connected innovation have seen massive growth, and become a much bigger part of the communications industry. However, the data connectivity requirements are very different to that of broadband. In order to optimally support this type of data, a number of modifications, new features, and complimentary technologies have been introduced to the networks. In LTE, these are grouped under the term Machine Type Communications (MTC). This course explores the technical aspects of MTC for LTE, and includes an examination of NB-IoT (Narrowband IoT) as a complimentary technology. Initially, the course provides an overview of IoT and low power networking / connectivity systems, and highlights the role and requirements of LTE for MTC. We then look at the features and performance of the different categories of MTC UE (User Equipment), the Air Interface modifications and features, and the Cellular IoT (C-IoT) enhancements to the Evolved Packet Core (EPC). Course Modules Introduction to LTE and the Internet of Things (IoT)  LTE Technologies for the IoT  NB-IoT and IoT Core Network Enhancements 

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This course provides a detailed technical description of the currently specified methods of offering a VoIP service using LTE and the IP Multimedia Subsystem.  This self-paced on-demand distance learning course features illustrated course books, videos, tests and full tutor support. Who would benefit This course is suitable for engineering and technical management staff who require a technical description of the options that exist in LTE for delivering voice and other real-time traffic types by means of VoIP. Prerequisites Attendance on this course assumes previous attendance on the LTE Engineering Overview course (LT3600) or equivalent basic LTE knowledge (although a recap of basic LTE architecture and concepts is provided at the start of the course) and also assumes a working knowledge of IP. Topic Areas Include Technical overview of LTE Introduction to the options for LTE voice Technical overview of the IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) System architecture for Voice over LTE (VoLTE) VoLTE protocols, services and codecs VoLTE power-on and registration procedures VoLTE call setup procedures Access domain selection Single Radio Voice Call Continuity (SRVCC) Delivery of SMS messages over the IMS VoLTE emergency calls Voice over Wi-Fi

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This course concentrates on the two main areas of an LTE network in which Quality of Service (QoS) is applied – the End-to-End EPS Bearer and the underlying Transport Network Layer (TNL). The main QoS concepts are explored as are details of the interworking between LTE QoS and the QoS schemes employed in other network types, such as UMTS, GPRS and the IMS. This self-paced on-demand distance learning course features illustrated course books, videos, tests and full tutor support. Who would benefit This course is suitable for engineering and technical management staff who require a technical overview of the technologies and techniques employed by 4G LTE networks to define and control the QoS applied to user connections. Prerequisites An engineering background with some knowledge of telecommunications technologies and protocols is assumed and previous LTE training would be beneficial, as would knowledge of QoS mechanisms in legacy 2G and 3G networks. Topic Areas Include E-UTRAN architecture and interfaces EPS Bearer and PDN Connectivity options and operations User plane connection concepts, packet flows, SDFs and Traffic Flow Aggregates LTE QoS parameters, QCI, ARP QoS parameter representation in LTE signalling protocols QoS Management – TFTs and packet filters LTE PCC (Policy and Charging Control) mechanisms PCC Rules, function and structure Interaction between PCC elements and internal and external network nodes Mapping LTE QoS to legacy network schemes Measuring QoS TNL concepts, architecture and QoS mechanisms DiffServ, MPLS and Ethernet QoS End-to-End QoS Architecture and Operation Network node QoS functions QoS influence on LTE handovers

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This course is designed to provide an end-to-end view of the whole set of signalling messages that support some of the most fundamental LTE network operations, such as: initial attach, PDN Connectivity, EPS Bearer setup, bearer resource allocation, handover and detach. Each procedure is presented in terms of the progression of signalling messages exchanged and each message is explored in detail. The course provides details of messages belonging to the following signalling protocols: RRC, NAS, S1AP, X2AP, GTPv2-C and also the Diameter S6a, S13 and Gx applications. This self-paced on-demand distance learning course features illustrated course books, videos, tests and full tutor support. Who would benefit This course is designed for engineers, managers and other personnel who have a need to acquire a technical overview of the total LTE signalling environment (not just signalling in one part of the network) and also those that require an end-to-end view of the management of fundamental LTE procedures. Prerequisites A basic understanding of LTE network architecture, services and protocols, which can be gained from attending the LTE Engineering Overview (LT3600) and LTE Evolved Packet Core Network (LT3604) courses. An understanding of IP would be beneficial. Topic Areas Include Air interface signalling protocols E-UTRAN signalling protocols EPC signalling protocols Initial attach procedures Idle mode procedures S1 release Tracking area update procedure Service request procedure with ISR enabled Extended service request for CS fallback Connected mode procedures Connection establishment, modification and release Bearer resource allocation triggering dedicated EPS bearer establishment Bearer resource modification triggering EPS bearer modification PDN connectivity request Handover procedures X2-based handover with direct forwarding S1-based handover with S-GW change with indirect forwarding Inter-System PS handover to UMTS/HSPA without forwarding Detach procedures

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A detailed technical description of the air interface for LTE radio access. This includes OFDMA principles, access and non-access stratum protocols, channel structures, connectivity and mobility management procedures along with radio link control functions. This self-paced on-demand distance learning course features illustrated course books, videos, tests and full tutor support. Who would benefit Engineers involved with equipment design, operation, optimization or monitoring of the LTE radio link. Prerequisites An engineering background with some knowledge of digital radio systems and general radio principles and techniques is assumed. A basic understanding of LTE and experience of 2G or 3G systems would be beneficial. Topic Areas Include LTE system architecture E-UTRAN architecture and interfaces OFDMA/SC-FDMA basic principles Defining orthogonality OFDMA features and benefits The Fourier transform OFDMA/SC-FDMA transmitter and receiver chains Modulation and coding, MIMO and the Cyclic Prefix MIMO concepts and implementation Physical layer structures Access and non-access stratum protocols Logical, Transport and Physical channels RRC, PDCP, MAC and RLC functions Resource allocation and scheduling strategies LTE-Advanced concepts Lower layer procedures Connection establishment Radio resource management procedures

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Being an effective leader is difficult. Some in leadership positions struggle with the basics, others have huge gaps in their understanding, and many restrict themselves to management activities - actively avoiding actual leadership wherever possible. In most cases, the confidence to lead effectively is in short supply, and those that do have the confidence often confuse dominance, or power, with leadership. However, organisations who see good leadership and culture as THE key enablers for their people, are the ones most likely to thrive and prosper – in whatever field they are operating in. This comprehensive programme builds a solid understanding of leadership and culture in business, giving current and aspiring leaders the confidence and tools needed to better engage, guide, develop, coach, organise, assess, and most critically, empower their people, teams and departments. We develop a deep understanding of leadership, including all key aspects related to ourselves as an effective leader; understanding and engaging with our people; developing successful teams; and influence as a primary foundation. We follow this by an extensive look at how we can successfully support and deploy our people whilst building a balanced culture that maximises success, enables innovation, and drives engagement at every level. Exercises, discussions, break-outs, case studies and examples are used throughout in order to maximise learning, build confidence, and establish the foundations for successful leadership. Topics Covered Include Leadership in Business / Organisations Developing Effective Teams Influence and Communication Supporting and Deploying Effective People – Culture and Innovation

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This course delivers a detailed overview of Internet Protocol networks. Delivering an understanding of Engineering techniques, as well as applications, protocols and switching methods, it enables delegates to work confidently in the IP environment. Other topics explored include QoS, security, VPNS and Multimedia over IP. Who would benefit Those needing to understand how IP networks are designed and implemented. Prerequisites Some knowledge or experience of packet-switched data network operation and Internet technology is beneficial. Topic Areas Include: Background to the Internet and ISPs The Data Link, IP, Transport and Application layers IPv6 The Domain Name System (DNS) Introduction to MPLS Access services E-mail services and web hosting Name servers and heterogeneous networks Peering Routing in IP networks Overview of OSPF and BGP4 IP QoS technologies Security engineering IP VPNs IP multimedia services

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Business models define a mix of activities required within a business to support a specific strategy. Collectively, one or more business models, aligned to a well-thought-out strategy, will deliver the competitive advantage needed to compete successfully in the market, and against any relevant competition. Business models are often complex, with multiple models running in parallel, and often in competition with each other within the business (in addition to the external competition). In this programme, we deconstruct the business model in order to fully understand its component parts before looking at how those parts can be optimally configured / reconfigured in order to maximise value creation and competitive advantage. We use examples, exercises and case studies to build a solid foundation that can be used within your own organisation to help drive success. Who Would Benefit? These programmes deliver comprehensive training for employees at all levels within the organisation. They would benefit employees, mid-senior managers, directors, specialists, consultants and identified talent. Topic Areas Include: Definitions and Components of a Business Model Business Model(s) – In the Bigger Picture Relationship - Strategy, Business Models and Operations Business Model Definition Understanding Value Extraction Developing The “Fit” of Activities – Examples Partnerships and the Business Model Customer Segments and Value Propositions Business Models – Options, Assessment and Development Understanding Value Business Model Disruption Business Model Adaptation Defining New Business Models Successful Examples for Redefined Business Models Business Models – The [Many] Options Explored  

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In this lab-based course, you will dive deep into the essential 5G protocols, with a specific focus on the 5G NF Framework, registration processes, and PDU session establishment. Through a series of interactive lab sessions, you'll gain invaluable experience and a comprehensive understanding of critical aspects of the 5G system.This course is tailored for individuals and organisations keen on mastering the operational intricacies of 5G systems. Whether you work for a public or private mobile network operator, network equipment vendor, test equipment vendor, handset manufacturer, regulator, or integrator, this course is universally relevant.This course is uniquely designed to be lab-based, ensuring that theoretical concepts are immediately put into practice. Through a series of interactive labs, participants will gain not only theoretical knowledge but also the practical skills necessary to navigate the dynamic world of 5G protocols and procedures. Course Structure Gain a comprehensive understanding of the 5G NF Framework, 5G registration and 5G PDU Session Establishment procedure’s including: 5G NF Registration Registration Message Flow Next Generation Application Protocol 5G AKA (Authentication and Key Agreement) Subscriber Data Handling AM (Access and Mobility) Policy Association 5G Session Establishment PFCP (Packet Forwarding Control) Protocol Who Would Benefit? The standardised nature of the lab makes it suitable for any organization interested in 5G System operation and function including.  It is of particular interest to those in the following roles: Engineers working with Operation, Optimisation and Troubleshooting System Engineers and Integrators Or anyone who needs to explore and understand the 5G Core Network signalling Lab Features & Benefits Through a combination of hands-on experience and guided instruction our virtual labs allow users to explore signalling procedures in the 5G system. Our labs feature: A simulated 5G network - Provides hands-on experience and reinforces theoretical knowledge. Wireshark (pcap) output files – detailed output files provide deep system insight. Illustrated Course Books - featuring leading edge knowledge from subject matter experts. Videos - Detailed videos discuss topics in greater depth.  Guided exercises for signalling scenarios - makes learning and applying new concepts straightforward. Ongoing trainer support - ensures you get expert advice when needed.

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This course is a detailed technical description of eSIM technology and the new remote SIM provisioning specifications from GSMA covering M2M and Consumer applications. Starting from the role of the SIM, the course covers the transition of the SIM from the physical to the digital realm, the unique system architectures developed for both M2M and Consumer, a comprehensive view of the next evolution of eSIM, then a look at the future beyond that. This self-paced on-demand distance learning course features illustrated course books, videos, tests and full tutor support. Who would benefit The course is intended for engineers, product managers and other staff who are looking to prepare for or actively roll out eSIM-based products and services within their organisations. Prerequisites A general engineering background with some knowledge of GSM SIM technology is assumed. A basic understanding of mobile networks would be desirable. Topic Areas Include Introduction to eSIM GSMA Consumer eSIM Specification GSMA M2M eSIM Specification GSMA Consumer eSIM Specification Enhancements The Future of eSIM

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This course is a detailed technical description of eSIM technology and the new remote SIM provisioning specifications from GSMA covering M2M and Consumer applications. Starting from the role of the SIM, the course covers the transition of the SIM from the physical to the digital realm, the unique system architectures developed for both M2M and Consumer, a comprehensive view of the next evolution of eSIM, then a look at the future beyond that. This self-paced on-demand distance learning course features illustrated course books, videos, tests and full tutor support. Who would benefit The course is intended for engineers, product managers and other staff who are looking to prepare for or actively roll out eSIM-based products and services within their organisations. Prerequisites A general engineering background with some knowledge of GSM SIM technology is assumed. A basic understanding of mobile networks would be desirable. Topic Areas Include Introduction to eSIM GSMA Consumer eSIM Specification GSMA M2M eSIM Specification GSMA Consumer eSIM Specification Enhancements The Future of eSIM

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For businesses to be successful, they need to align with their customers’ requirements in a number of key ways - but fundamentally it comes down to understanding the customer(s), creating compelling customer propositions, communicating those propositions, and enabling the value exchange. It encompasses product development, marketing and marketing communications, and business development / sales activities. This programme looks at the customer proposition holistically. It covers all the key elements needed to develop a sustainable business model that is tightly aligned with customer requirements, gets the right information in front of the right customers in an engaging and compelling way, and supports the overall strategy by delivering sustainable competitive advantage. We use exercises, case studies, break-outs and discussions to develop competencies and confidence, and the tools used will allow participants to apply the techniques to the workplace immediately. Topic Areas Include: Creating Compelling Customer Propositions Customers – Making Critical Choices Strategy and the Customer Proposition Customer Segments Products Brand Components of a Brand Pricing Expectation and Consistency The 80/20 Golden Rule Sales and Business Development Linking Marketing and sales – Lead Generation Sales – Common Objections Overcoming Common Objections Establishing a Sales Decision Process Responding to RFPs Telecoms Business Simulation Communicating Compelling Customer Propositions Channels to Market Key Elements of the Marketing Message The Psychology of Persuasion Segments, Profiles, Emotion Marketing Communications Online Marketing Marketing Systems and Frameworks Customer Retention and Loyalty Marketing Communications Plan Developing a Marketing Communications Plan Developing a Campaign for Lead Generation / Sales Assessing the Marketing and Communications Plan - KPIs International Marketing Market Research Marketing Resource

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A technical introduction to the techniques and protocols that underpin cloud computing services, including an examination of the types of cloud that can be created and the variety of ‘X as a service’ facilities that clouds can make available. Who would benefit This course is suitable for engineering, technical management and sales/marketing staff who require a technical overview of Cloud Computing. Prerequisites A basic understanding of the architecture and technologies that support the internet would be beneficial. Topic Areas Include What is ‘The Cloud’? Traditional Models vs Cloud Computing Cloud characteristics Cloud deployments models – private, community, public, hybrid Enabling technologies Traditional data centres Virtualization and multi-tenanting SOA and web services Service grids and autonomic computing Types of Cloud services SaaS, PaaS and IaaS XaaS payment models Pros and Cons of Cloud Computing Pros: cost, scalability, resilience, collaboration Cons: security, availability, trust, de-skilling The future of Cloud Computing   On-Demand Online Training Accessible on any device on-demand online training allows you to study at a time and location convenient to you. Each course includes: Illustrated Course Books - featuring leading-edge knowledge from subject matter experts. Videos - Detailed videos expand the points covered in the course books. Tutor Support – Connect with leading experts, ask questions to deepen your understanding. Formative Assessment - Modules include regular quizzes to support learning. Certification – Complete the end-of-module tests to earn Digital Badges to demonstrate the depth of your knowledge of the topic. Included in Wray Castle Hub This course is also available as part of the Wray Castle Hub. An annual subscription delivers unlimited access to this course and over 500 hours of learning material consisting of 30+ Courses, 190+ Learning Modules, and 1,000+ Videos. Annual Subscription: £1400 (Most cost-effective option) Subscribe to Wray Castle Hub here

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All successful employees, managers and leaders who want to maximise their contribution within the business or organisation need a solid grasp of finances. Whether they are talking strategy, budgets, or customer propositions, it is inevitably the finances that drive the decisions and determine how performance is measured. Being financially literate gives the individual a fundamental business tool, as well as the credibility, to help drive success and to maximise value creation. KPIs can be properly evaluated, major decisions can be grounded in financial reality, and both forecasting and reporting can be used more reliably to help guide efforts and provide the required focus for departments and teams. A key aspect often overlooked, is that greater confidence in both the financial position, and the control mechanisms that are available to employees and managers, will enhance a leader’s risk-awareness. In turn (depending on a range of other factors), this can be a key enabler for business culture that embraces greater levels of creativity and value creation. This programme provides a comprehensive foundation in business finance – covering all the major areas needed to be a fully-functioning member of the mid-senior management team. It is ideal for current or aspiring managers, specialists with financial responsibility, or identified talent / graduates. Although financial principles do not change, they can be applied in very specific ways, depending on the industry / organisation. Examples, case studies and exercises are tailored accordingly Topic Areas Include: The Financial Cycle and Reporting Key Accounting Concepts The Company Operating (Finance) Cycle Three Principal Accounting Documents KPIs, Ratios and Financial Analysis Understanding Finance Key Financial Ratios – Categories and Examples Profitability Efficiency Equity, Loans, and Gearing / Leverage Valuation - Controlling Investment Financial Control, Budgets and Evaluating Initiatives / Projects The Importance of Budgeting and Forecasting Budgets – Getting Specific Mitigating Bad Budget Culture (Teams Aiming for 100% Budget Spend) Understanding Return on Investment (ROI) Cumulative Cash Flows Calculating ROI and using Net Present Value (NPV) Assessing Projects and Using NP

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The Basics of Carbon Capture and Storage course covers: the role of CCS within decarbonisation as an aspect of earth system science; why CCS is necessary; how CO2 is captured in industrial processes and how it can be used industrially; the factors affecting geological storage; how CO2 stores are monitored for leakage; how CCS will be regulated; how CCS will pay for itself; and the social licence for CCS. The course will be delivered in simple non-technical language suitable for non-specialists. The course satisfies a part of the market that is not currently catered for – the wider science, risks, financing, planning and social licence aspects of CCS. These are issues that are as important as the technical issues (in, for example, reservoir engineering) in the sense that any of these elements can be a show-stopper for CCS. Although the course will cover the technical geological and engineering aspects of CCS, it will also consider how these technical, policy and science aspects affect planning, regulation and financing of CCS. There are geologists, planners, investors and policy makers in companies, government natural resource and planning departments, investment banks and among NGOs that require this information from an unbiassed technically well informed and up to date source. This course provides that source.Who would benefit? The course is designed for geologists, geological planners and regulators, investors and policy makers in energy companies, government natural resource and planning departments, investment banks and NGOs that require information from an unbiassed, technically well informed and up to date source. What people need in advance No particular prior knowledge needed beyond normal levels of expertise in applied geoscience. As stated above, the course is aimed at geological generalists in energy companies, government natural resource and planning departments, investment banks and NGOs. Course Modules: Introduction The geological carbon cycle and anthropogenic influences on the geological carbon cycle Capturing, transporting and using carbon dioxide Geological Storage Regulation, finance, policy and public perception Present state of global CCS Course Director: Prof Mike Stephensen Mike has 25 years’ experience in energy and geological science, including 8 years national level science leadership in the UK. Mike has been providing geoscience advice to Government for almost 15 years and has an excellent overview of Government policy, industrial activity and funding landscape in applied and energy geoscience. Mike also has expertise in positioning organisations in controversial energy topics e.g. CCUS, shale gas and nuclear. Mike was adviser to UK Government Chief Scientist on shale gas and CCUS in 2016; a member UKRI’s Energy Strategic Advisory Committee 2020 to 2021; and a Member of the UK Government’s Hydrogen Advisory Council 2021. Widely recognised as an excellent scientist, he has over 100 peer-reviewed scientific papers including many on CCUS, and ~200 conference abstracts. He is Visiting Professor at the University of Nanjing, China, and the University of Milan, Italy, and has been Honorary Professor at Nottingham and Leicester universities, UK Mike is a well-known communicator of science and has published three single-author popular science books. His book on CCUS ‘Returning Carbon to Nature’ is widely seen as the go-to introductory text on CCUS.  Follow Mike on LinkedIn.

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Transformative Training Powered by IEEE and Wray Castle Powered by the joint expertise of IEEE and Wray Castle, the 5G/6G Essential Protocols & Procedures Training and Innovation Testbed offers a comprehensive exploration of 5G’s most crucial protocols and procedures. This cutting-edge course blends robust theory with hands-on practice via the IEEE 5G/6G Innovation Testbed - a secure, cloud-based platform providing end-to-end 5G network testing capabilities. The Key Protocols & Procedures Putting Theory Immediately into Practice 5G Registration Process - Identities, Authentication, Subscriber Data Network Functions & Interactions - UDM, UDR, PCF, AMF, SMF, UPF PDU Session Establishment - End-to-End signaling and network slicing PFCP & N4 Signaling -Policy and Session Management in 5G Specifically designed for: System engineers and integrators Engineers working with operation, optimization, and troubleshooting Technical professionals responsible for 5G System signaling

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Understanding the protocols that underpin 5G Standalone (SA) deployments is critical for anyone involved in mobile network design, deployment, or troubleshooting. This single-module course provides a practical overview of the key signalling and user plane protocols that enable communication within the 5G system. In just three hours, you'll explore how 5G SA uses modern service-based interfaces, with a focus on HTTP/2 and JSON for communication between core network functions. You'll also learn about protocol roles such as PFCP for user plane control, GTPv2-C for EPC interworking, and NAS protocols for direct signalling with the user equipment. The course also covers the essential signalling protocols in the NG-RAN, including NG-AP, Xn-AP, F1-AP, E1-AP, and RRC - critical for coordinating activity across the RAN and between the RAN and core. On the user plane, you’ll examine how data transport is managed using PDU sessions, and how session types (IP, Ethernet, Unstructured) are established and handled. You’ll also gain an understanding of QoS Flows, with parameters such as 5QI and ARP used to deliver differentiated service levels. This course is ideal for technical professionals who need a working knowledge of 5G SA protocol architecture, signalling behaviour, and data transport mechanisms - without going deep into packet-level analysis. Course Contents                         PDU Sessions and QoS Flows 5G QoS Parameters, ARP and 5QI Implementation of PDU Sessions IP PDU Session Types, IP Ethernet and Unstructured Multiple PDU Sessions Anchors Reflective QoS User Plane Protocol Stack Core Network Signalling Overview Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) HTTP 2 and JSON_2 Non-Access Stratum (NAS) and Access Stratum (AS) Protocols Next Generation Radio Access Network (NG-RAN) Signalling Protocols Overview RAN Protocols for the NG, FI, E1 and Xn Interfaces RAN User Plane Protocol

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As mobile networks transition to full 5G Standalone deployments, understanding the 5G Core (5GC) is essential for engineers and technical professionals involved in network design, deployment, or support. This single-module course offers a concise but comprehensive introduction to the 5G Core Network Architecture. In just three hours, you’ll explore the key building blocks of the 5G Core, including the main network functions such as the UDM, AMF, SMF, and UPF, and their roles in managing subscriber data, mobility, sessions, and user traffic. The module also explains important network and UE identifiers, tracking area concepts, and the role of service-based interfaces in enabling 5G’s flexibility. You’ll gain insight into how 5G supports roaming, interworks with legacy EPC networks, and introduces network slicing—a powerful concept that allows the same physical network to support a wide variety of use cases with different performance requirements. This course is ideal for those who need a technical overview of the 5G Core without going deep into protocol-level detail, and serves as a foundation for further learning or practical application in 5G projects. Course Contents 5G Core Network Functions Overview Reference Point Architecture 5G Roaming Architectures Service Based Architecture Service Based Interface Concepts 5G Core Network Functions Data Storage Architecture Interworking and Migration Non-3GPP Access 5G Identities Identities for Network Slicing TAC and RAN Identites

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