Our Multi Protocol Label Switching (MPLS) training course is designed to provide a comprehensive introduction to MPLS, covering topics such as MPLS Label Switched Paths (LSPs) and MPLS Virtual Private Network (VPN) connections. This 1-day course is ideal for engineers working with MPLS in various applications, from IP VPNs to GMPLS in transmission networks.  Participants will gain a solid understanding of MPLS, including its motivation, applications, packet forwarding, and architecture of MPLS-based IP-VPNs. The course also covers topics such as Forward Equivalence Class (FEC), MPLS label operations, Label Distribution Protocol (LDP), Virtual Private Networks (VPN), and MP-BGP configuration.  Prerequisites for this course include a good understanding of IP networking and familiarity with OSPF and BGP, which can be obtained by attending our ‘Routing Protocol Principles – IP1306’ course. Join us for this interactive training session to enhance your knowledge and skills in Multi Protocol Label Switching. Who would benefit Engineers are finding MPLS is a variety of different applications from IP VPNs, through to GMPLS in transmission networks. As so this 1-day course will provide an excellent introduction to the topic. Prerequisites A good understanding of IP networking is essential as well as an understanding of OSPF and BGP which can be obtained from attending our ‘Routing Protocol Principles – IP1306’ course. Topic Areas Include Motivation for MPLS MPLS applications view MPLS packet forwarding Architecture of MPLS-based IP-VPNs Forward Equivalence Class (FEC) MPLS label operations Special case labels Label Distribution Protocol (LDP) Virtual Private Networks (VPN) MP-BGP configuration

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Multi-Access Edge Computing (MEC) is a cutting-edge technology that brings computation and data storage closer to the end-users, enabling faster processing and reduced latency. Our MEC training course dives deep into the MEC architecture, enabling technologies such as Cloud, NFV, and 4G/5G, and explores real-world MEC use cases. Led by industry expert John Timms, this course provides a comprehensive overview of MEC standards and APIs, as well as hands-on experience in developing MEC applications and services. With a focus on practical applications and collaborative methods, participants will gain valuable insights into building MEC solutions and conducting proof of concept studies. Whether you are new to MEC or looking to enhance your existing knowledge, this 2-day online training course is designed to equip you with the skills and expertise needed to succeed in the rapidly evolving field of Multi-Access Edge Computing. Don't miss this opportunity to learn from a seasoned professional and take your MEC knowledge to the next level. Topic Areas Include Introduction Enabling Technologies (Cloud and NFV) Enabling Technologies (4G/5G) MEC Architecture Use Cases MEC standards and APIs Annex A Detailed Use Case Study   Speaker: John Timms John Timms is an experienced trainer in IP, VoIP, IPTV, NFV/SDN and IMS/LTE Core.  John is also a former Telemanagement Forum Subject Matter Expert and specialist in QoE for VoIP/VoLTE and IP video services.

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Key Topics Covered Foundations of closed-loop automation, including the Monitor–Analyse–Decide–Act model and its role in improving service reliability, efficiency, and SLA performance across network domains Telemetry and real-time observability, covering data collection from multi-domain sources, streaming analytics, and integration with assurance systems Analytics and decision-making frameworks, including rule-based and AI-driven policy engines for SLA monitoring, predictive analysis, and automated decision triggers Automated orchestration and remediation actions, enabling scaling, rerouting, reconfiguration, and fault recovery across RAN, Core, Transport, and Cloud End-to-end service assurance integration, including KPI monitoring, SLA enforcement, incident automation, and alignment with operational processes Learning Outcomes Apply closed‑loop automation frameworks (monitor → analyse → decide → act) Identify relevant telemetry/KPI sources for real‑time decisions Explain interplay between analytics engines and orchestration layers Understand assisted vs full closed‑loop implementation models. Target Audience Network automation engineers AI/analytics engineers supporting network assurance OSS platform architects Operations teams responsible for service assurance and performance

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Key Topics Covered Foundations of closed-loop automation, including the Monitor–Analyse–Decide–Act model and its role in improving service reliability, efficiency, and SLA performance across network domains Telemetry and real-time observability, covering data collection from multi-domain sources, streaming analytics, and integration with assurance systems Analytics and decision-making frameworks, including rule-based and AI-driven policy engines for SLA monitoring, predictive analysis, and automated decision triggers Automated orchestration and remediation actions, enabling scaling, rerouting, reconfiguration, and fault recovery across RAN, Core, Transport, and Cloud End-to-end service assurance integration, including KPI monitoring, SLA enforcement, incident automation, and alignment with operational processes Learning Outcomes Apply closed‑loop automation frameworks (monitor → analyse → decide → act) Identify relevant telemetry/KPI sources for real‑time decisions Explain interplay between analytics engines and orchestration layers Understand assisted vs full closed‑loop implementation models." Target Audience Network automation engineers AI/analytics engineers supporting network assurance OSS platform architectsOperations teams responsible for service assurance and performance

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This course provides an overview of fibre optic communication systems, from fundamental principles to advanced applications. It begins with the basics of signal processing and wavelength division multiplexing, then explores high-speed data transmission and the methods used to design and optimise optical networks. Then it moves to the practical aspects of network planning and installation before ending with an examination of emerging trends in fibre optics, offering insight into the future of the fibre optic industry. Course Contents Signal Processing Basics Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM) High-Speed Data Transmission over Fibre Optical Network Design and Optimisation  Network Planning and Installation Emerging Trends in Fibre Optics

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This course is for network engineers who require a practical understanding of Network Functions Virtualisation (NFV).  The course reviews the current NFV situation, introduces the leading bodies defining the standards and discusses the likely fields of application by examining use cases and existing Proof of Concepts (POCs). It discusses NFV from ETSI’s perspective, particularly in light of mobile operators’ intent to virtualise their IMS networks, as well as looking at how NFV relates to other techniques such as Cloud Computing and Software Defined Networking (SDN).  Network Functions Virtualisation (NFV) is a crucial technology for network engineers looking to stay ahead in the rapidly evolving telecommunications industry. Our 2-day NFV Engineering Training Course is designed to provide a practical understanding of NFV, covering everything from the current NFV landscape to the standards set by leading bodies. Through a series of live online sessions, participants will explore real-world use cases, Proof of Concepts (POCs), and the relationship between NFV, Cloud Computing, and Software Defined Networking (SDN). This course is ideal for network, software, and IT engineers, as well as managers and consultants who need to grasp the deployment considerations associated with NFV. Participants should have a basic understanding of IP networking and routing, with some familiarity with modern telecommunications networks. Topics covered include NFV Functional Architecture, NFV Infrastructure (NFVI), NFV Management and Orchestration (MANO), SDN and NFV integration, and ETSI Proof of Concept Projects. Don't miss this opportunity to enhance your skills and stay competitive in the dynamic world of NFV engineering. Who would benefit This course is suitable for those who need an understanding of NFV and the deployment considerations associated with NFV; including network, software and IT engineers, as well as managers and consultants. Prerequisites Delegates should have experience or an understanding of the principles or IP networking and routing and preferably some understanding of modern telecommunication’s networks. Topic Areas Include Drivers for Change NFV Functional Architecture NFV Infrastructure (NFVI) NFV Management and Orchestration (MANO) Software Defined Networks (SDN) and NFV NFV ETSI Proof of Concept Projects

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This course is for network engineers who require a practical understanding of Network Functions Virtualisation (NFV).  The course reviews the current NFV situation, introduces the leading bodies defining the standards and discusses the likely fields of application by examining use cases and existing Proof of Concepts (POCs). It discusses NFV from ETSI’s perspective, particularly in light of mobile operators’ intent to virtualise their IMS networks, as well as looking at how NFV relates to other techniques such as Cloud Computing and Software Defined Networking (SDN).  Network Functions Virtualisation (NFV) is a crucial technology for network engineers looking to stay ahead in the rapidly evolving telecommunications industry. Our 2-day NFV Engineering Training Course is designed to provide a practical understanding of NFV, covering everything from the current NFV landscape to the standards set by leading bodies. Through a series of live online sessions, participants will explore real-world use cases, Proof of Concepts (POCs), and the relationship between NFV, Cloud Computing, and Software Defined Networking (SDN). This course is ideal for network, software, and IT engineers, as well as managers and consultants who need to grasp the deployment considerations associated with NFV. Participants should have a basic understanding of IP networking and routing, with some familiarity with modern telecommunications networks. Topics covered include NFV Functional Architecture, NFV Infrastructure (NFVI), NFV Management and Orchestration (MANO), SDN and NFV integration, and ETSI Proof of Concept Projects. Don't miss this opportunity to enhance your skills and stay competitive in the dynamic world of NFV engineering. Who would benefit This course is suitable for those who need an understanding of NFV and the deployment considerations associated with NFV; including network, software and IT engineers, as well as managers and consultants. Prerequisites Delegates should have experience or an understanding of the principles or IP networking and routing and preferably some understanding of modern telecommunication’s networks. Topic Areas Include Drivers for Change NFV Functional Architecture NFV Infrastructure (NFVI) NFV Management and Orchestration (MANO) Software Defined Networks (SDN) and NFV NFV ETSI Proof of Concept Project

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Course Code: TY2702 Course Summary This 3-day course reviews traditional approaches to transport services such as SDH and WDM and also discusses in detail alternative approaches including Carrier Ethernet and Pseudo Wire services that may be deployed in backhaul and core network applications. Who would benefit Transmission and network engineers who require an insight into modern digital transmission techniques used within fixed and mobile telecommunications networks. Prerequisites A good knowledge of fixed or mobile network transmission and switching architecture, services and applications and some knowledge of packet-switched networks and IP routing protocols. Topic Areas Include Introduction to transport networks Layer 2 virtual circuits – MPLS MPLS based VPNs MEF terminology for Carrier Ethernet Services Provider Bridge networks and Ethernet label-switching PBB service multiplexing Ethernet OAM – Connection Fault and Performance Management SDH Transport Networks SDH Multiplexing Structure and Protection Mechanisms Next Generation SDH review Wave Division Multiplexing (WDM) The Optical Transport Network, principles, multiplexing structures and operation MPLS in optical Networks, GMPLS and ASON Pseudo Wire (PW) principles, encapsulation and the control word Pseudo Wire types, IETF MPLS and TDM based PWs MPLS VLAN-to-VLAN and VPLS service examples

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Network Functions Virtualisation (NFV) is transforming how modern networks are built, managed, and scaled. By decoupling network functions from proprietary hardware and running them on virtualised environments, NFV enables flexibility, efficiency, and innovation across telecom and IT ecosystems. In this course, you’ll explore the NFV functional architecture and the NFV Infrastructure (NFVI) that underpins it. Starting with the NFV framework and its core principles, you’ll learn how virtualised network functions (VNFs) are composed, scaled, and interconnected. The course introduces key concepts such as VNF descriptors, forwarding graphs, and reference points, giving you a clear view of how NFV systems communicate and operate. You’ll also dive into the NFVI layer, examining its components - compute, storage, and networking, and how technologies like hypervisors, cloud computing, and virtualisation enable NFV deployments. Topics include performance optimisation, security aspects, and advanced techniques such as CPU pinning, micro-segmentation, and VXLAN overlays. By the end, you’ll understand how NFV and MANO (Management and Orchestration) work together to deliver agile, scalable network services. Designed for professionals in telecoms, IT, and network engineering, this course provides a practical, jargon-free introduction to NFV architecture and infrastructure - ideal for anyone looking to understand the foundations of virtualised networking without diving into vendor-specific details. Course Contents NFV Functional Architecture NFV Framework and VNFs Virtual Links and Forwarding Graphs Reference Points and Infrastructure Options NFV Infrastructure (NFVI) NFVI Architecture NFVI and Virtualization Hypervisor Domain Containerisation Compute and Infrastructure Network Domains NFVI Implementation

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This course on Network Functions Virtualisation (NFV) is designed for network engineers and managers looking to gain an overview of this technology. The course covers the current state of NFV, the leading bodies defining the standards, and the drivers behind the technology, as well as its relationship to Cloud Computing. Participants will also learn about the high-level architecture of NFV and its applicability to real network solutions, particularly in the context of mobile operators' efforts to virtualise their networks. Those who would benefit from this course include network, software, and IT engineers, as well as managers and consultants seeking a high-level understanding of NFV. Delegates should have some experience or understanding of IP networking and routing principles, and preferably some knowledge of modern telecommunications networks. The course content includes discussions on the drivers for change in the industry, the NFV functional architecture, NFV Infrastructure (NFVI), and NFV Management and Orchestration (MANO). By the end of this 1-day course participants will have a solid understanding of NFV and its implications for network solutions. Who Would Benefit This course is suitable for those who need an high-level understanding of NFV; including network, software and IT engineers, as well as managers and consultants. Prerequisites Delegates should have experience or an understanding of the principles or IP networking and routing and preferably some understanding of modern telecommunications networks. Course Contents                                                        Drivers for Change NFV Functional Architecture NFV Infrastructure (NFVI)  NFV Management and Orchestration (MANO)

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Network Functions Virtualisation (NFV) isn’t just a concept, it’s a practical solution shapingthe future of telecom and IT services. This course explores real-world NFV applications,showing how virtualisation delivers flexibility, scalability, and cost-efficiency across diversenetwork environments. In this course, we’ll look at NFV use cases, diving into specific scenarios, including: NFVI as a Service (NFVIaaS) and how it operates across multiple domains Virtual Network Function as a Service (VNFaaS) and Virtual Network Platform as aService (VNPaaS), plus a comparison of the two VNF Forwarding Graphs (VNF FGs) and their role in service chaining Virtualisation of mobile core networks, IMS, base stations, and home environments Advanced deployments such as virtual CDNs (vCDN) and fixed access NFV You’ll also explore ETSI Proof of Concept (PoC) projects, including demonstrations ofvirtual EPC applications, SDN-controlled forwarding graphs, and resilience techniques. These examples show how NFV is implemented in real networks and the benefits it bringsto operators and service providers. Designed for professionals in telecoms, IT, and network engineering, this course provides apractical, jargon-free look at NFV in action. Ideal for anyone who wants to understand howvirtualisation is applied to real-world network challenges.

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Course Code: TY1202 Course Summary This course is intended for experienced telecoms engineers that wish to understand the workings of the protocols that are commonly used within Next Generation Networks (NGNs). The course takes a detailed look at real time signalling and transport protocols; it also looks at the protocols used to support legacy devices in the access and core network signalling such as POTS, ISDN and SS7. The course also looks in detail at the protocols supporting the new gateway devices. The course is backed up by an extensive set of exercises and the use of Wireshark. Who would benefit Those requiring a comprehensive understanding of the protocols used in an NGN for the support of voice services. Prerequisites A good understanding of legacy telecommunications networks, plus an understanding of IP networks and signal flows used in support of voice-related services. Topic Areas Include IP convergence Telecoms convergence and NGNs Telecoms (IP) scenarios Real time protocols SIP, RTP and RTCP H.323 call scenario The 3GPP IP Multimedia Subsystem The IMS registration process The IMS call signalling Softswitching architecture and protocols SIGTRAN in the access in support of POTS and ISDN SIGTRAN in the core in support of SS7 H.248 Megaco SIP-I Includes practical signalling exercises.

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As 5G networks become more open, intelligent, and disaggregated, understanding the Open Radio Access Network (O-RAN) is essential for professionals working in mobile network design, deployment, and optimisation. This short, single-module course provides a concise yet comprehensive introduction to O-RAN and its critical role in modern 5G networks. In just three hours, you’ll explore the key architectural and functional components that make O-RAN unique. The course begins with an overview of 3GPP architectural options and how they lay the foundation for NG-RAN deployments. You’ll then examine the principles of RAN functionality and protocols before diving into the detailed architecture of NG-RAN and O-RAN. You’ll gain a solid understanding of functional split options—crucial for enabling multi-vendor interoperability—as well as the differences between traditional and open RAN deployments. The course explains the high-level and logical architectures of O-RAN, including the roles of the Central Unit (CU), Distributed Unit (DU), and Radio Unit (RU), and how open interfaces and intelligent controllers reshape how networks are managed.Additional topics include the application of Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning in O-RAN, the concept of the O-RAN white box, and critical considerations around fronthaul, backhaul, and interfaces like CPRI and eCPRI. Designed for technical professionals looking for a clear and accessible introduction to O-RAN, this course equips you with the essential knowledge needed to understand the future of radio access networks. Course Contents                         3GPP RAN Architecture for 5G 3GPP Architectural Options RAN Functionality and Protocols NG-RAN Architecture Split Options O-RAN, O-RAN Operations and Maintenance High Level O-RAN Architecture Logical Architecture of O-RAN Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning O-RAN White Box Backhaul CPRI and eCPRI

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Open RAN is poised to revolutionize the Radio Access Networks (RAN) and the industry that supports it. The ORAN Alliance is paving the way for an open, intelligent, and fully interoperable architecture, aiming to foster a more competitive and innovative RAN supplier ecosystem. Telecom operators stand to benefit from Open RAN-compliant mobile networks, which enhance the efficiency and flexibility of RAN deployments and operations, crucial as networks transition through the phases of 5G deployment. Our Open RAN training course offers a comprehensive introduction to Open RAN, delving into its purpose, features, architecture, operation, and deployment options. Participants will also explore how Open RAN principles and its foundation in virtualization support the evolution to 5G, along with the impact of utilizing ORAN architecture on open and standardized interfaces. Ideal for individuals in technical roles within mobile network operators' Radio Access Network (RAN) environment, this course equips participants with the knowledge and skills needed to navigate the evolving landscape of Open RAN. A basic understanding of cellular radio networks from a radio network perspective is beneficial, as well as the ability to grasp technical subjects. Topics covered include Radio Access Networks, ORAN Players, 3GPP RAN Architecture for 5G, Open RAN Operations and Maintenance, and Whitebox Basestations. Join us for this two-day training course led by industry expert Les Granfield, a seasoned technical trainer with over 35 years of experience in various telecommunications technologies. Who would benefit Those in or entering technical roles in a mobile network operators Radio Access Network (RAN) environment. Prerequisites A basic understanding of cellular radio networks from a radio network perspective as well as the ability to comprehend technical subjects, would be useful. Topic Areas Include Radio Access Networks ORAN Players 3GPP RAN Architecture for 5G Open RAN, O-RAN Operations and Maintenance Whitebox Basestations Trainer: Les Granfield Les is a technical trainer with 35 years of experience. His expertise extends across a wide range of telecommunications technologies. He specializes in GSM, GSM-R, ERTMS/ETCS, UMTS and LTE radio access networks, radio planning, radio access network optimization and Push to Talk over Cellular (PoC).

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ORAN set to transform the Radio Access Networks (RAN) and in turn the Industry that supports it. The ORAN Alliance is working towards an architecture which is open, intelligent, virtualized and fully interoperable with the intention of enabling a more competitive and innovative RAN supplier ecosystem. For the telecommunications operator, ORAN-compliant mobile networks improve the efficiency and flexibility of RAN deployments and operations – both essential as networks are densified, and as they evolve through the deployment phases of 5G. This course provides a solid introduction to O-RAN, exploring the purpose, features, architecture, operation and deployment options. The way O-RAN principles, and its foundation in virtualisation, supports the evolution to 5G is also discussed, as well as the impact of using ORAN architecture on both the open and standardised interfaces. Who would benefit Those in or entering technical roles in a mobile network operators Radio Access Network (RAN) environment. Prerequisites A basic understanding of cellular radio networks from a radio network perspective as well as the ability to comprehend technical subjects, would be useful. Topic Areas Include Radio Access Networks 3GPP RAN Architecture for 5G O-RAN, O-RAN Operations and Maintenance Whitebox Basestations

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Open-source solutions have revolutionized the way mobile networks are built and operated, with a strong influence from the open-source community. This technical course delves into the various open-source projects, standards, and commercial solutions that are utilized in live mobile networks. Participants will gain a comprehensive understanding of how open-source software is integrated into different aspects of mobile network architecture. Ideal for network engineers, system architects, operation and maintenance teams, network planners, and technical managers, this course is designed to enhance the knowledge and skills of professionals working in the mobile network industry. Prior knowledge of mobile networks, open-source principles, and programming is recommended, making it suitable for participants with varying technical backgrounds. Familiarity with network architecture, protocols, and operating systems is beneficial for getting the most out of this course. The course covers a range of topics including an introduction to open-source software and mobile networks, open-source solutions in the Radio Access Network (RAN), core network solutions, and the integration of Network Function Virtualization (NFV) with open-source technologies. By the end of the course, participants will have a solid understanding of how open-source solutions are shaping the future of mobile networks. Who Would Benefit? Network Engineers, System Architects, Operation and Maintenance Teams, Network Planners, Technical Managers, Prerequisites Prior knowledge of mobile networks, open-source principles, and programming is recommended. Familiarity with network architecture, protocols, and operating systems is beneficial. The course is suitable for participants with varying technical backgrounds and those interested in mobile networks and open-source solutions. Course Contents Introduction to Open-Source Software and Mobile Networks Open-Source Software in Radio Access Network (RAN) Open Source: Core Network Solutions  Network Function Virtualization (NFV) and Open Source

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Organisations tend to have a great deal of momentum – the bigger the organisation, the more difficult it can be to change, pivot and reposition. Even smaller business units can be very difficult to transform. Most successful businesses are in a constant state of flux, and they embrace change in order to optimise and pivot accordingly. Whether it is slow evolution, or larger initiatives that require fundamental reorganisation and refocusing of resources and people, the best businesses are able to drive those changes, embrace the new opportunities and maintain their agility and flexibility. This programme explores change within businesses / organisations – whether it is a case of optimising operations, or full-on transformation, we hit the key barriers and enablers for change, before exploring the change process and the role of the leader and key stakeholders. People issues are given a particular focus – in terms of individual and team factors, and the critical role that culture plays in the change process (and in the ongoing organisation). Exercises, case-studies, discussions and break-outs are used to reinforce learning, and to build confidence that participants need to effect positive change in the workplace – whatever size of organisation they work in. Topic Covered Include Key Principles – Optimising Operations and Transformation The Issue of Company Momentum Momentum – the Impact of Corporate Culture and DNA Momentum – Impact of Corporate Attitude to Risk Momentum and Risk – the Results Resistance to Change – Illustrated Understanding the Nature of Change Change – a Non-Stop Journey Evolving to Stay Relevant and Optimised

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Organisations tend to have a great deal of momentum – the bigger the organisation, the more difficult it can be to change, pivot and reposition. Even smaller business units can be very difficult to transform. Most successful businesses are in a constant state of flux, and they embrace change in order to optimise and pivot accordingly. Whether it is slow evolution, or larger initiatives that require fundamental reorganisation and refocusing of resources and people, the best businesses are able to drive those changes, embrace the new opportunities and maintain their agility and flexibility. This programme explores change within businesses / organisations – whether it is a case of optimising operations, or full-on transformation, we hit the key barriers and enablers for change, before exploring the change process and the role of the leader and key stakeholders. People issues are given a particular focus – in terms of individual and team factors, and the critical role that culture plays in the change process (and in the ongoing organisation). Exercises, case-studies, discussions and break-outs are used to reinforce learning, and to build confidence that participants need to effect positive change in the workplace – whatever size of organisation they work in. Prerequisites None   Topic Covered Include Key Principles – Optimising Operations and Transformation The Issue of Company Momentum Momentum – the Impact of Corporate Culture and DNA Momentum – Impact of Corporate Attitude to Risk Momentum and Risk – the Results Resistance to Change – Illustrated Understanding the Nature of Change Change – a Non-Stop Journey Evolving to Stay Relevant and Optimised

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In this 2-day OSPF and BGP Routing Protocols training course, engineers will gain a practical understanding of OSPF and BGP through hands-on configuration of routers and switches. Participants will also learn how to investigate databases and routing tables to optimize network performance. This course is ideal for engineers who are transitioning into IP networking and need to have a solid operational understanding of devices like Ethernet switches and IP routers. Participants should have a basic knowledge of Ethernet switching and routing principles, including OSPF, as well as a good grasp of IP addressing. If you need to brush up on these prerequisites, consider attending our Wray Castle courses on Internetworking, Ethernet LANs and VLANs Principles, IP Addressing and Internet Protocols Principles, and Routing Protocol Principles. Topics covered in this training include the purpose of routing, equal cost multi-path routing, OSPF areas and metrics, OSPF database management, troubleshooting OSPF, BGP version 4, BGP redistribution, BGP path attributes, BGP filtering, and troubleshooting BGP. Join us for this comprehensive course to enhance your skills in OSPF and BGP routing protocols. Who would benefit Engineers who are moving into IP and need to have an operational understanding of typical devices such as Ethernet Switches and IP routers. Prerequisites A basic understanding of Ethernet switching and basics of routing such as OSPF together with a good understanding of IP addressing which can be obtained by attending our Wray Castle courses: ‘Internetworking, Ethernet LANs and VLANs Principles – IP1304’ and ‘IP Addressing and Internet Protocols Principles – IP1305’ and ‘Routing Protocol Principles – IP1306’. Topic Areas Include The Purpose of Routing The Routing Table Equal Cost Multi Path Redistribution OSPF Areas OSPF Metrics OSPF Database Troubleshooting OSPF OSPF Exercises Border Gateway Protocol Version 4 (BGP4) BGP redistribution BGP Path Attributes BGP Filtering BGP Troubleshooting BGP Exercise

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Course Code: MB1201 Course Summary This course provides an overview of the GPRS system beginning with an overall description of GPRS and progressing through its network architecture and operational aspects. The subsequent sections cover EDGE, the structure of the GPRS air interface and the basics of uplink and downlink packet transfer. Who would benefit Those already working in the GSM industry who require an overview of GPRS operation including its association with EDGE and how it interworks with 2.5G and 3G 3GPP based mobile networks. Prerequisites A good understanding of 3GPP’s GSM network, its architecture and operation would be beneficial together with an appreciation of packet-switching IP-based networks would be advantageous. Topic Areas Include GPRS network architecture The GPRS air interface and Dual Transfer Mode GPRS protocols Identities and addressing Mobility management and Dual Access Location management and Pooling Security and confidentiality Roaming Policy and Charging Content Access Controls The GERAN and Enhanced EDGE Packet-switched procedures 2.5G and 3G packet-switched interworking GPRS and IMS control GPRS and LTE interworking

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This course offers a practical understanding of Passive Optical Networks (PONs) and highlights their key advantages and limitations compared to other competing architectures. The course covers the current passive optical network standards as well as the next-generation PON technologies. Additionally, it provides insights into the design and planning considerations for various deployment scenarios, including installation, testing, commissioning, and troubleshooting common issues.  Course Contents Introduction to Optical Networks Passive Optical Networks Basics Components of Passive Optical Networks Common PON Standards Design and Planning Deployment and Installation Safety Best Practices Network Operation & Maintenance Quality of Service (QoS) in PON

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Modern transmission networks require communication links with high link capacity and availability. Microwave Point-to-Point (PtP) and Point-to-Multipoint (PtMP) systems can provide the required performance if the links are designed appropriate. Theoretical know-how combined with best practice for link engineering and design ensures that the possibilities of modern link technology will be fully available after implementation. The course introduces both theoretical and practical knowledge in planning of microwave links. Topics touched cover wave propagation, link budget and availability calculations as well as technical parameters of antennas and microwave devices. Best practice for the analysis of path profiles including line of sight aspects, selection of antenna, modulations scheme and frequency band is provided. Availability engineering of links is discussed as well as frequency and capacity planning for complex transmission networks. This includes the effective use of frequency raster and the analysis of network interference to achieve low interference and high frequency reuse. Course Objectives After completing the course, delegates will be familiar with the principles of microwave radio link planning and will be in the position to design individual microwave links as well as complete PtP and PtMP networks. Intended for This course is intended for those who have basic knowledge in radio communications and microwave link technology, who are interested in microwave link planning and who may be employed in regulators, telecoms operators and utility or transportation companies. Contents Spectrum regulation and licensing aspects Relevant ITU recommendations Wave propagation and effects ITU propagation models Path profile analysis Microwave devices and antennas Availability and error performance Link budget calculation Frequency planning and channel assignment Interference analysis and network optimization About LS telcom: LS telcom is a global leader in technologies and consulting services for efficient radio spectrum use, optimizing spectrum management to ensure reliable, interference-free, and secure radio services. Our portfolio includes consulting, measurement services, and integrated solutions for planning, analysis, monitoring, and managing radio infrastructure. Serving customers in over 100 countries, including regulatory authorities, network operators, and industries such as transport, utilities, and security, LS telcom operates globally with subsidiaries and offices in locations like Germany, the UK, Canada, India, and the UAE. Headquartered in Lichtenau, Germany, LS telcom AG has been listed on the German Stock Exchange since 2001 (ISIN DE 0005754402).  

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This course gives an introduction to practical spectrum monitoring measurements. Delegates will follow practical examples to illustrate the limitations of spectrum monitoring measurements. During hands-on measurements of the RF environment around our Training Academy in Lichtenau/Germany the delegates will put the learned techniques into practice. Course Objectives After completing the training delegates will be able to perform practical spectrum monitoring measurements under real-life conditions and understand the limitations in the RF field. They will also be able to make estimations of expected measurement results, judging the quality of the measurements performed and planning measurementcampaigns. Intended for Regulatory authorities’ staff members supposed to execute spectrum monitoring measurements. Contents Overview of spectrum monitoring tasks Selecting equipment according to the actual task Distinguishing between real signals and intermodulation products Limitations due to the real-life environment Basic measurements Practical measurement on FM broadcast-/DVB-T-transmitters Basic signal analysis Automatic Violation detection Different usage of homing and direction finding Locating transmitters using different methods (AoA/GRoA+/TDOA) Hints and kinks performing measurements Quality of measurement results Planning measurement campaigns Practical hands-on measurements in the field About LS telcom: LS telcom is a global leader in technologies and consulting services for efficient radio spectrum use, optimizing spectrum management to ensure reliable, interference-free, and secure radio services. Our portfolio includes consulting, measurement services, and integrated solutions for planning, analysis, monitoring, and managing radio infrastructure. Serving customers in over 100 countries, including regulatory authorities, network operators, and industries such as transport, utilities, and security, LS telcom operates globally with subsidiaries and offices in locations like Germany, the UK, Canada, India, and the UAE. Headquartered in Lichtenau, Germany, LS telcom AG has been listed on the German Stock Exchange since 2001 (ISIN DE 0005754402).  

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Our Principles of Radio Site Engineering training course is designed for individuals involved in radio site acquisition, planning, and build within the cellular industry who may not have a strong radio background. This comprehensive course covers essential radio theory and practical considerations for site build, making it ideal for those seeking an overview of telecoms transceiver equipment siting in radio sites. No prior knowledge of radio principles is required, although a technical background or the ability to comprehend technical information is advantageous. Led by expert trainer Les Granfield, who brings over 35 years of experience in the telecommunications industry, participants will delve into key topic areas such as radio wave propagation, antenna theory, cell site selection, indoor coverage challenges, radio systems interference, and more. With a focus on practical applications and real-world scenarios, this 2-day course consisting of 4 live online sessions (0900-1230) provides a valuable learning experience for professionals looking to enhance their understanding of radio site engineering principles and practices. Who would benefit Those requiring an overview of what is involved in the siting of telecoms transceiver equipment in radio sites. Prerequisites No prior knowledge of radio principles is required. A technical background or the ability to comprehend technical information is advantageous. Topic Areas Include Radio theory Radio wave propagation Antenna theory Considerations for siting antennas Transmission lines Considerations for installing transmission lines Cell dimensioning Cell site selection and positioning Indoor coverage challenges Indoor coverage using repeaters Indoor coverage using base stations Antenna systems for indoor coverage Radio systems interference Multi-site configurationsEarthing UK planning issues Trainer: Les Granfield Les is a technical trainer with 35 years of experience. His expertise extends across a wide range of telecommunications technologies. He specializes in GSM, GSM-R, ERTMS/ETCS, UMTS, LTE and 5G radio access networks, radio planning, radio access network optimization and Push to Talk over Cellular (PoC).

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Key Topics Covered Fundamentals of telecom private cloud architecture, including NFVI components, high availability, edge/distributed deployments, and evolution from NFV to cloud-native platforms Design of virtual infrastructure and cloud platforms, covering compute, storage, networking, resource isolation, and data centre fabric integration Private cloud networking and security, including segmentation, tunnelling, service discovery, and protection of core and edge workloads Integration of containers and Kubernetes, supporting CNFs alongside virtual machines with advanced networking and data plane considerations Operational models and lifecycle management, including planning, monitoring, upgrades, disaster recovery, and governance processes Learning Outcomes Architect and operate Vodafone-engineered private cloud platforms using modern SDN & cloud-native tooling Design efficient VPC layouts, routing, service discovery and secure multi‑tier architectures Implement overlay/underlay technologies including VxLAN, GRE and IPsec Optimise VNFC networking using DPDK/SR‑IOV for high‑performance workloads. Course Modules Foundations of Telecom Private Cloud Architecture Virtual Infrastructure & Network Cloud Platform Design Private Cloud Networking & Security Container Integration on Private Cloud Operational Model & Lifecycle Management

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Procurement plays a vital role in the telecommunications industry, ensuring the efficient and cost-effective acquisition of goods and services necessary for operations. With the rapid pace of technological advancements and evolving customer demands, telecom companies rely on procurement professionals to source and negotiate contracts for network infrastructure, equipment, software, and services. Effective procurement strategies can help telecom companies optimize their supply chains, control costs, and ensure efficient delivery of products and services. Furthermore, the procurement function involves managing vendor relationships, conducting market research, and staying updated on industry trends to drive innovation and maintain a competitive edge in this dynamic sector. The one-day Procurement for Telecoms course will enable you to build a better understanding of the key concepts and strategies in procurement and apply these concepts to your own organization. Prerequisites A basic understanding of business concepts and operations within the telecoms industry would be helpful, as would some familiarity with emerging Industry trends. Who would benefit? This training course would benefit telecoms executives or managers who work in, or have an interest in, the procurement process within telecoms and related organisations. Course Modules: Concepts of Procurement in Telecoms Supplier Strategy Identifying Potential Category Specific Procurement Levers Implementing a strategy CSR and Carbon Neutral for Procurement in Telecoms Course Director: Tim Williams Tim is a seasoned professional with extensive experience in procurement and supply chain management, his expertise spans strategic procurement advisory, procurement transformation, stakeholder management, and driving improvements in procurement functions. Tim is a Fellow of the Chartered Institute of Purchasing and Supply and has held significant leadership roles including: Senior Advisor to a Major Strategic Global Consultancy Chief Procurement Officer MTN Group (Location Dubai) Director of SCM Transformation and Services Procurement, Vodafone Procurement Company Head of Supply Chain Transformation Vodafone Group

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Telecommunication networks have evolved to offer a rich mix of multimedia and voice services. Many such services depend on the Internet Protocol (IP) for their operation and networks need to be equipped and engineered to cope with changed and changing requirements. The Quality of Service (QoS) offered to users is a vital aspect of IP network engineering and is pertinent to all IP network types. This detailed Wray Castle course provides network engineers with an in-depth study that covers all the principal aspects of IP QoS in part through theory but also by means of at least 9 practical exercises. The practical exercises will take the delegates through queue management techniques associated with switches and then routers. These exercises will include looking at QoS markings and then look at priority queueing, custom queueing, fair and weighted queueing as well as class-based routing. Exercises also cover RSVP and traffic shaping. In order to aid the exercises a set of pods will be used where each pod consists of 3 routers and 2 switches all the ancillary cables and a laptop will be provided although it is recommended that delegates bring their own laptop to aid with testing and so that they can take example traces away with them for further study after the course. Who would benefit This course has been designed for those needing an understanding of the QoS engineering approaches available in IP networks. It will benefit engineers involved in network planning, commissioning, network optimization, strategy determination, deployment, equipment design or manufacturing of network equipment. Some will find that this course will satisfy their complete requirements, while for others it will provide one element in a wider study based on primary material and other related Wray Castle courses. This course is also very useful for engineers and scientists working in areas related to IP network operation. This includes those working within service delivery, service developers, billing, Government security or forensic work, technical support staff and those in technical management roles. Prerequisites A thorough foundation in the practices of IP routing would be highly beneficial before attending this course. Topic Areas Include QoS Principles Packet Filtering for QoS QoS approaches in IP Networks IntServ DiffServ Queue Management Router QoS Markings Priority Queueing Custom Queueing Fair Queueing Weighted Fair Queueing Class-based Routing Traffic Shaping

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This 1-day Quality of Service Principles training course offered by Wray Castle provides a comprehensive overview of QoS in converged telecommunications networks. Participants will delve into the intricacies of QoS in ATM, MPLS, Ethernet, and IP networks, as well as explore the mechanisms used in VoIP and IPTV. This fast-paced course is ideal for engineers involved in planning, designing, implementing, supporting, and managing services over modern IP networks who need a solid understanding of QoS mechanisms. The course covers a range of topic areas including Traffic Management, IntServ and DiffServ Operation, Queue Management, Speech Quality, Video/Audio Quality, IP over ATM QoS, QoS in MPLS Networks, Ethernet Switch QoS Fundamentals, and Backhaul Traffic Profile. Participants are required to have a good understanding of IP networks, which can be obtained by attending Wray Castle's 'Routing Protocol Principles – IP1306' and 'Multi Protocol Label Switching – IP1307' courses. Enhance your knowledge and skills in QoS principles with this insightful training course. Improve your expertise in Quality of Service principles with Wray Castle's 1-day training course. Gain valuable insights into QoS mechanisms in converged telecommunications networks, including ATM, MPLS, Ethernet, and IP networks, as well as VoIP and IPTV. This course is designed for engineers involved in various aspects of modern IP networks who need to grasp the essentials of QoS. Explore topics such as Traffic Management, IntServ and DiffServ Operation, Queue Management, Speech Quality, Video/Audio Quality, IP over ATM QoS, QoS in MPLS Networks, Ethernet Switch QoS Fundamentals, and Backhaul Traffic Profile. Prior knowledge of IP networks is recommended, which can be acquired through attending Wray Castle's related courses. Elevate your skills and understanding of QoS principles with this informative training opportunity. Who would benefit All engineers involved in planning, designing, implementing, supporting and managing services over modern IP networks and need to understand the QoS mechanisms at their disposal. Prerequisites A good understanding of IP networks which can be obtained by attending our Wray Castle courses ‘Routing Protocol Principles – IP1306’ and our ‘Multi Protocol Label Switching – IP1307’. Topic Areas Include What is QoS? Traffic Management IntServ and DiffServ Operation Queue Management Speech Quality Video/Audio Quality IP over ATM QoS QoS in MPLS Networks Ethernet Switch QoS Fundamentals Backhaul Traffic Profile

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Radio frequency and spectrum are at the heart of modern communications, enablingeverything from mobile networks to broadcasting and satellite services. Understanding how frequency, bandwidth, and spectrum work is essential for anyone involved in telecoms, networking, or wireless technologies. In this course, you’ll start with the fundamentals of frequency and bandwidth, exploringconcepts such as sine waves, time and frequency domains, and the differences betweenanalogue and digital signals. You’ll learn how signal quality is measured, how analogue-to digital conversion works, and why bandwidth matters for services ranging from humanspeech to commercial applications. Next, you’ll dive into the radio spectrum, examining how frequencies are allocated andmanaged globally and nationally. The course introduces key organisations and frameworks, including ITU-R, CEPT, ECO, and Ofcom, and explains how spectrum licensing and exemptions operate within the UK. You’ll also gain insight into the role of World RadioConferences (WRC) in shaping international spectrum policy. Designed for professionals in telecoms, broadcasting, and wireless technologies, thiscourse provides a clear, practical introduction to frequency, bandwidth, and spectrum - ideal for anyone seeking to understand the foundations of radio communication without getting lost in technical complexity. Course Contents Frequency and Bandwidth Radio Spectrum

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The design of microwave links requires complex calculations to dimension link capacity and availability or to assign frequencies. The planning tool CHIRplus_TC provides the required functionality in a user-friendly way and is essential for proper link design. The seminar introduces essential features to perform link engineering and planning tasks for Point-to-Point and Point-to-Multipoint systems. The first day is dedicated to the general tool handling. The different database functions and configurations are presented and discussed with the delegates. The following days will cover the necessary steps to perform typical link calculations - from data input over the setting of required parameters to the calculations analyses. Finally, reports and data export options will be presented. The entire workflow that is required to execute microwave radio link planning tasks as well as the Point-to-Multipoint network planning process is covered. Additionally, an overview of further network technologies included in the Net Module will be introduced. Course Objectives After the training the delegates will be able to efficiently solve link planning and coordination tasks using CHIRplus_TC and to interpret the calculation results for microwave links and Point-to-Multipoint networks.  Intended for This course is intended for those who have basic knowledge in radio communication and microwave link design and who are interested in the functionality provided by CHIRplus_TC. Contents Setup and configuration of CHIRplus_TC Interaction with the Graphical User Interface (GUI) Usage of databases and spreadsheets (especially filtering) Point-to-Point microwave link design Path profile and link budget Reliability/availability analyses Frequency planning and network optimization Interference calculation and complete network analyses Point-to-Multipoint network planning Net Module: Overview of network technologies Data import and export, reports and documentation About LS telcom: LS telcom is a global leader in technologies and consulting services for efficient radio spectrum use, optimizing spectrum management to ensure reliable, interference-free, and secure radio services. Our portfolio includes consulting, measurement services, and integrated solutions for planning, analysis, monitoring, and managing radio infrastructure. Serving customers in over 100 countries, including regulatory authorities, network operators, and industries such as transport, utilities, and security, LS telcom operates globally with subsidiaries and offices in locations like Germany, the UK, Canada, India, and the UAE. Headquartered in Lichtenau, Germany, LS telcom AG has been listed on the German Stock Exchange since 2001 (ISIN DE 0005754402).  

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Radio networks for professional use in public safety, transportation, utilities, and industry must provide reliable communication for mission critical applications. The use of appropriate design parameter and planning procedures is crucial to achieve the required network performance. This course provides a solid understanding of how to design and plan networks for critical communications using digital radio technologies like TETRA, DMR or LTE/5G. The course follows the typical steps of radio network planning from definition of coverage thresholds, over first network design and coverage planning to the development and analysis of frequency plans. Practical considerations and tasks including site selection and antenna configurations are discussed by means of photos and documents originating from real-life networks. Live calculations with a planning tool are used to illustrate effects of site selection and site and network configuration. Supporting the practical exercises, theoretical elements of the course include the principles of radio propagation, link budgets, the determination of coverage thresholds and capacity considerations. The course will be presented as classroom training with slides, interactive tool calculations and exercises to be done by the participants. Course Objectives After completing the course, delegates will be familiar with the typical procedures for RF network planning for radio technologies like TETRA, DMR and LTE/5G. They know how to define planning criteria for RF networks and understand the underlying technical and theoretical approaches. Intended for This course is intended for those who have basic knowledge in radio network planning, who are interested in radio network planning for critical communications networks and who may be employed in telecoms regulators, telecoms operators, and utility and transportation companies.  Contents Targets and procedures for radio network planning System parameter and architecture of critical communication networks Definition of coverage and capacity targets Antenna configurations, site selection and coverage planning Capacity considerations Frequency planning About LS telcom: LS telcom is a global leader in technologies and consulting services for efficient radio spectrum use, optimizing spectrum management to ensure reliable, interference-free, and secure radio services. Our portfolio includes consulting, measurement services, and integrated solutions for planning, analysis, monitoring, and managing radio infrastructure. Serving customers in over 100 countries, including regulatory authorities, network operators, and industries such as transport, utilities, and security, LS telcom operates globally with subsidiaries and offices in locations like Germany, the UK, Canada, India, and the UAE. Headquartered in Lichtenau, Germany, LS telcom AG has been listed on the German Stock Exchange since 2001 (ISIN DE 0005754402).  

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To carry out meaningful radio surveys of GSM, UMTS, LTE and Wi-Fi networks demands a knowledge of how those networks operate and the key radio metrics. These are discussed in detail along with the types of surveys and information they can reveal. The course is focused on the practical issues of performing surveys backed up with demonstrations. The equipment and software used on this course includes the Rohde & Schwarz TSMA radio scanner, ROMES and NESTOR software as well as the QualiPoc, handheld survey tool. Our Radio Network Surveys Training Course is designed to provide participants with the knowledge and practical skills needed to conduct meaningful surveys of GSM, UMTS, LTE, and Wi-Fi networks. This course covers key radio metrics, types of surveys, and the equipment and software used in conducting surveys, including the Rohde & Schwarz TSMA radio scanner, ROMES and NESTOR software, and the QualiPoc handheld survey tool. Whether you are involved in coverage optimization, crime scene investigation, alibi verification, intelligence gathering, or performance analysis, this course will help you create a comprehensive picture of the cellular radio network environment. Participants will learn about cellular radio principles, spectrum and identities, radio measurements and metrics, cell selection and reselections for GSM, UMTS, and LTE, location reporting in idle mode, mobility in Wi-Fi, connected mode activity for mobile devices, tools for radio surveys, spectrum occupancy, coverage surveys, base station position estimation, and practical guidance for surveying. While previous attendance on GSM, UMTS, LTE, and Wi-Fi courses may be advantageous, it is not essential to benefit from this training.  Who would benefit Those that need to create a ‘picture’ of the cellular radio network environment to aid coverage optimization, crime scene investigation, alibi verification, intelligence gathering and performance analysis. This course features the Rohde & Schwarz TSMA radio scanner in conjunction with the ROMES and NESTOR software as well as a drive test tool. Prerequisites Previous attendance on GSM, UMTS, LTE and Wi-Fi courses would be advantageous but not essential. Topic Areas Include Cellular radio principles Cellular radio spectrum and identities Wi-Fi radio spectrum and identities Radio measurements and metrics Cell selection and reselections for GSM, UMTS and LTE Location reporting in idle mode Mobility in Wi-Fi Connected mode activity for mobile devices Tools for radio surveys Spectrum occupancy Coverage surveys Base station position estimation Practical guidance for surveying

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To carry out meaningful radio surveys of GSM, UMTS, LTE and Wi-Fi networks demands a knowledge of how those networks operate and the key radio metrics. These are discussed in detail along with the types of surveys and information they can reveal. The course is focused on the practical issues of performing surveys backed up with demonstrations. The equipment and software used on this course includes the Rohde & Schwarz TSMA radio scanner, ROMES and NESTOR software as well as the QualiPoc, handheld survey tool. Our Radio Network Surveys Training Course is designed to provide participants with the knowledge and practical skills needed to conduct meaningful surveys of GSM, UMTS, LTE, and Wi-Fi networks. This course covers key radio metrics, types of surveys, and the equipment and software used in conducting surveys, including the Rohde & Schwarz TSMA radio scanner, ROMES and NESTOR software, and the QualiPoc handheld survey tool. Whether you are involved in coverage optimization, crime scene investigation, alibi verification, intelligence gathering, or performance analysis, this course will help you create a comprehensive picture of the cellular radio network environment. Participants will learn about cellular radio principles, spectrum and identities, radio measurements and metrics, cell selection and reselections for GSM, UMTS, and LTE, location reporting in idle mode, mobility in Wi-Fi, connected mode activity for mobile devices, tools for radio surveys, spectrum occupancy, coverage surveys, base station position estimation, and practical guidance for surveying. While previous attendance on GSM, UMTS, LTE, and Wi-Fi courses may be advantageous, it is not essential to benefit from this training.  Who would benefit Those that need to create a ‘picture’ of the cellular radio network environment to aid coverage optimization, crime scene investigation, alibi verification, intelligence gathering and performance analysis. This course features the Rohde & Schwarz TSMA radio scanner in conjunction with the ROMES and NESTOR software as well as a drive test tool. Prerequisites Previous attendance on GSM, UMTS, LTE and Wi-Fi courses would be advantageous but not essential. Topic Areas Include: Cellular radio principles Cellular radio spectrum and identities Wi-Fi radio spectrum and identities Radio measurements and metrics Cell selection and reselections for GSM, UMTS and LTE Location reporting in idle mode Mobility in Wi-Fi Connected mode activity for mobile devices Tools for radio surveys Spectrum occupancy Coverage surveys Base station position estimation Practical guidance for surveying

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Professional users in public safety, PPDR, transportation, utilities and industry must rely on efficient radio systems to provide wireless communication for support of their daily operation. Implemented radio technology, network design and user requirements must be carefully matched against each other. A solid understanding of users’ requirements and the possibilities and limitations of technologies is therefore essential. This course discusses issues which need to be considered when a radio system for critical communications shall be introduced or existing systems shall be replaced: Is it better to use services from an existing operator or to build and operate a dedicated network? Which deployment concept should be selected? How to define coverage and capacity? Which technology can provide the required services? These and other questions related to the design and introduction of RF networks for critical communications will be discussed. Starting with specific requirements, the course introduces services specific to critical communications, explains typical planning approaches and highlights possible implementation scenarios. A comparison of recent and upcoming radio technologies like TETRA, DMR, LTE as well as 5G for broadband applications completes the training. Course Objectives After completing the course, delegates will understand users’ requirements and limitations of current radio technologies like TETRA, DMR, LTE, 5G etc. They will know the technical and economic constraints of radio systems for critical communications and will be able to realistically assess the promises of system vendors and service providers. Intended for This course is intended for those who have basic knowledge in radio communication systems, who are interested in technical aspects for critical communications networks and who may be employed in telecoms regulators, organizations for public security and utility and transportation companies. Contents Introduction to radio networks for critical communications Requirements on communication services and applications Mobile broadband for PPDR Elements of a radio network for critical communications Planning and operation of a radio network Radio systems for critical communications (DMR, TETRA, LTE, 5G) About LS telcom: LS telcom is a global leader in technologies and consulting services for efficient radio spectrum use, optimizing spectrum management to ensure reliable, interference-free, and secure radio services. Our portfolio includes consulting, measurement services, and integrated solutions for planning, analysis, monitoring, and managing radio infrastructure. Serving customers in over 100 countries, including regulatory authorities, network operators, and industries such as transport, utilities, and security, LS telcom operates globally with subsidiaries and offices in locations like Germany, the UK, Canada, India, and the UAE. Headquartered in Lichtenau, Germany, LS telcom AG has been listed on the German Stock Exchange since 2001 (ISIN DE 0005754402).  

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The definitive course in Radio Communications  The world has seen a phenomenal growth in the application and use of radio technology. What haven’t changed, however, are the principles upon which all of these technologies are built. The Radio Principles course provides an in-depth understanding of these principles on which radio technologies are built, taking students on a logical and detailed path through the various aspects of the theory, and practice, of radio communications. Through attendance on this course, delegates will build an understanding of how radio works and how this impacts manufacturers, users and operators of radio technology. Our Radio Principles training course is designed to provide a comprehensive understanding of radio principles and technologies. Whether you are new to the field or looking to enhance your existing knowledge, this course covers all the essential topics including modulation techniques, transmission lines, antennas, and more. Our expert instructors will guide you through the fundamentals of radio communication, helping you gain the skills and confidence needed to excel in this dynamic industry. By enrolling in our Radio Principles training course, you will have the opportunity to learn from industry professionals with years of experience in the field. Our interactive sessions and hands-on exercises will give you practical insights into the latest advancements in radio technology, helping you stay ahead of the curve. Whether you are a beginner or an experienced professional, this course will provide you with the knowledge and skills needed to succeed in the fast-paced world of radio communication. Who would benefit Those requiring an understanding of the principles and concepts of radio that underpin today’s radio technologies. Prerequisites Some experience in telecommunications engineering is beneficial but the course is also suitable for delegates with an aptitude for technical subjects. Topic Areas Include The use and management of the radio spectrum Waveform fundamentals and baseband information Power levels and measurementsAnalogue and digital modulation techniques Simplex, semi-duplex and duplex - FDD and TDD Multiplexing – FDMA, TDMA, CDMA and OFDMA Transmitters and receivers Antennas and transmission lines Radio propagation mechanisms Introduction to coverage prediction Principles of cellular coverage techniques Diversity and MIMO An overview of fixed and mobile radio technologies in use today

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The world has seen a phenomenal growth in the application and use of radio technology. What haven’t changed, however, are the principles upon which all of these technologies are built.The Radio Principles course provides an in-depth understanding of these principles on which radio technologies are built, taking students on a logical and detailed path through the various aspects of the theory, and practice, of radio communications. Through attendance on this course, delegates will build an understanding of how radio works and how this impacts manufacturers, users and operators of radio technology. Who would benefit Those requiring an understanding of the principles and concepts of radio that underpin today’s radio technologies. Prerequisites Some experience in telecommunications engineering is beneficial but the course is also suitable for delegates with an aptitude for technical subjects. Topic Areas Include The use and management of the radio spectrum Waveform fundamentals and baseband information Power levels and measurementsAnalogue and digital modulation techniques Simplex, semi-duplex and duplex - FDD and TDD Multiplexing – FDMA, TDMA, CDMA and OFDMA Transmitters and receivers Antennas and transmission lines Radio propagation mechanisms Introduction to coverage prediction Principles of cellular coverage techniques Diversity and MIMO An overview of fixed and mobile radio technologies in use today

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The Radio Principles – Practical Workshop (RP2501) is a two-day hands-on training course designed to reinforce core radio communication principles through practical experimentation and equipment operation. Participants work in small groups rotating through a series of technical workstations, each focused on commonly used radio engineering tools and systems. Through guided exercises, delegates gain practical experience using equipment such as oscilloscopes, spectrum analysers, vector network analysers, radio test sets, and software-defined radio platforms. The workshop also introduces practical radio configuration techniques including fleetmapping and programming of analogue PMR and DMR radios using Customer Programming Software (CPS). By combining theory reinforcement with practical measurement, configuration, and signal analysis activities, the course helps participants build confidence in using industry-standard test equipment and in understanding how radio systems behave in real-world scenarios. Learning Outcomes By the end of this workshop, participants will be able to: Use an oscilloscope to identify radio waveforms and measure signal characteristics such as frequency and amplitude Configure analogue PMR and DMR radios using Customer Programming Software (CPS), including channels, zones, talk groups, time slots and colour codes Perform basic RF performance measurements including transmit power and receiver sensitivity using a radio test set Use a spectrum analyser to observe signals, harmonics, spurious emissions and off-air activity Use a vector network analyser (VNA) to measure VSWR and examine RF filter characteristics using Smith charts Understand the basic principles of software-defined radio (SDR) and implement a simple receiver using GNU Radio Companion Interpret measurement results and relate them to the performance and behaviour of practical radio systems Who Would Benefit This workshop is intended for engineers and technical professionals who require practical experience with radio measurement tools and radio system configuration. It is particularly suitable for: Radio and RF engineers seeking hands-on familiarity with common test equipmentTelecommunications engineers working with private mobile radio (PMR) or digital mobile radio (DMR) systems Field technicians responsible for installation, testing, or maintenance of radio systems Technical staff supporting radio network deployment or troubleshootingAnyone wishing to reinforce theoretical radio principles through practical exercises Participants will gain confidence in operating radio test and analysis equipment while developing practical skills in radio system configuration and performance measurement. Workshop Contents The Oscilloscope Fleetmapping Vector Network Analyser Software Defined Radio Radio Text Set Spectrum Analyser There are six sets of equipment as depicted below. Depending on the group size the equipment will be used by delegates working in groups so a class size of 12 can easily be accommodated. With each set of equipment there will be a series of exercises designed to reinforce the theory learned in the classroom and a chance to learn how to operate commonly used equipment. Once a group has completed the set of exercises, they ‘rotate’ to the next piece of equipment.

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Radio signals don’t just travel in straight lines - they interact with the environment incomplex ways. Understanding how propagation works, and what affects coverage andinterference, is essential for anyone involved in wireless communications, broadcasting, ornetwork planning. In this single-module course, you’ll start with the fundamentals of radio propagation,exploring how signals behave across different frequency bands - from VLF and LF throughHF, VHF, and beyond. You’ll learn about the role of the ionosphere, how conditions varybetween day and night, and how space waves enable long-distance communication.Next, you’ll examine radio coverage, including key factors such as reflection, scattering,diffraction, and attenuation. The course explains how terrain, clutter, and atmosphericanomalies impact signal reach, and why coverage planning is critical for reliable service. Finally, you’ll dive into radio interference, covering issues like co-channel and adjacentchannel interference, illegal operation, and frequency planning. You’ll also explore howweather conditions and noise affect performance, and what strategies help mitigate thesechallenges. Designed for professionals in telecoms, broadcasting, and wireless technologies, thiscourse provides a clear, practical introduction to radio propagation, coverage, andinterference - ideal for anyone seeking to understand the principles behind reliable radiocommunication. Course Contents Propagation Radio Coverage Radio Interference

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Our Radio Spectrum Training Course is designed to provide participants with a comprehensive understanding of spectrum management and the technical characteristics of radio propagation. Over the course of 2 day participants will delve into topics such as the socio-economic benefits of spectrum, the role of ITU-R in spectrum management, and the driving forces behind the demand for spectrum. In addition to exploring mobile communication technologies and other spectrum users, participants will learn how different administrations are addressing the 'capacity crunch' and determining spectral requirements for IMT. This course is ideal for professionals in the telecommunications industry looking to enhance their knowledge of radio spectrum and stay current with the latest developments in spectrum management. By enrolling in our Radio Spectrum Training Course, participants will gain valuable insights into the complexities of spectrum management and the challenges facing the telecommunications industry. With a focus on practical applications and real-world examples, this course will equip participants with the knowledge and skills needed to navigate the evolving landscape of radio spectrum and make informed decisions in their professional roles. Course Contents What is Spectrum? Socio-Economic benefits of Spectrum What is Spectrum Management? Introduction to ITU-R Technical Characteristics of Radio Propagation Mobile Communication Technologies What is Driving the Demand for Spectrum? Other Spectrum Users How Other Administrations are Tackling the ‘Capacity Crunch’ Determining Spectral Requirements for IMT

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Accurate radio surveys are essential for planning, optimizing, and troubleshooting wirelessnetworks. This course introduces the tools and techniques used in real-world surveyscenarios, helping you understand how measurements are captured and analysed forreliable coverage. In this course, you’ll start with practical demonstrations of survey tools, including drivesurvey systems, R&S ROMES drive test software, and R&S TSMA radio scanners. You’lllearn how measurements are recorded outdoors and indoors, and explore advancedfeatures such as automatic cell detection (ACD), cellular coverage surveys, and basestation analysis. The course also covers cell position estimation, handover analysis, andWi-Fi coverage surveys, giving you a comprehensive view of survey applications. Next, you’ll gain guidance for conducting radio network surveys, including best practices forpersonal safety, spot/location surveys, route profiling, and indoor coverage assessments.You’ll learn how to choose between idle mode and connected mode measurements, andhow to perform specialized surveys such as network profiling and aeronautical surveys.Designed for professionals in telecoms and wireless engineering, this course provides apractical, hands-on introduction to radio survey tools and techniques - ideal for anyoneseeking to understand how coverage data is collected and used to optimize networkperformance. Course Contents Tools for Radio Surveys - Practical Demonstrations Mobile Drive Survey Tools PC Based Survey Tools Indoor Surveys Radio Scanners R&S NESTOR Survey Tool Automatic Cell Detection (ACD) Cellular Coverage Surveys Base Station Analysis Cell Position Estimation Wi-Fi Network Surveys Guidance for Radio Network Surveys Guidance for Radio Network Surveys

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Course Code: RP1101 Course Summary The course covers the essential information and practical skills needed to begin designing mobile and fixed radio systems. Who would benefit Those involved in the specification, design, planning, management and maintenance of mobile and fixed radio systems. Prerequisites A good knowledge of radio principles, a background in telecommunications engineering, or attendance on the Radio Principles course (RP1301). Topic Areas Include Spectrum regulation – ITU, CEPT, ECC, Ofcom Calculating gain, loss and power levels – the decibel Calculating noise levels in radio systems Interpreting antenna and feeder specifications Radio propagation mechanisms Radio propagation modelling Production of radio path profiles Calculating power budgets Calculating fade margins Diversity systems Planning coverage and capacity for mobile systems Radio site engineering Design a mobile radio system Design a fixed radio link Includes practical exercises throughout, including a system design exercise.

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In this 2-day online training course, participants will delve into the principles of routing protocols, focusing on Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) and Border Gateway Protocol (BGP). This course, with the code IP1306, is designed to provide a solid foundation in these two key routing protocols essential for network engineers. Ideal for network engineers seeking to enhance their knowledge of link state protocols like OSPF and the Path Vector Algorithm used in BGP, this course is a prerequisite for those considering diving into Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS). Participants are required to have a basic understanding of IP and networking, which can be obtained through attending Wray Castle's courses 'Internetworking, Ethernet LANs and VLANs Principles – IP1304' and 'IP Addressing and Internet Protocols Principles – IP1305'. Throughout the training, participants will cover a range of topic areas including the purpose of routing, route table management, routing traffic, interior and exterior gateway protocols, OSPF concepts and configuration, as well as Border Gateway Protocol Version 4 (BGP4) and MPLS VPN operation. By the end of the course, participants will have a comprehensive understanding of these routing protocols and be better equipped to handle complex network configurations. Topic Areas Include The purpose of routing The route table Routing traffic Interior and exterior gateway protocols Routing Information Protocol (RIP) v1 OSPF concepts OSPF configuration Interior (IGP) versus Exterior (EGP) routing Border Gateway Protocol Version 4 (BGP4) MPLS VPN operation

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This program explores modern satellite communications and Non-Terrestrial Networks (NTN). It covers key principles, challenges, and technical limitations, including a look at different satellite orbits, as well as HAPS, HIBS, balloons, and drones. The program then explores key use cases and their suitability for satellite and NTN. It surveys existing and emerging proprietary satellite systems and focuses on integrating 5G satellite systems into modern networks. The program also covers different architectures, access technologies (5G New Radio, NB-IoT, and eMTC), and Direct-to-Device (D2D) services. Finally, it explores key challenges and their standardized (3GPP) solutions, such as doppler compensation, latency, and security. Who Would Benefit? This course caters to telecom professionals, engineers, and decision-makers seeking a foundational understanding - ideal for those involved in network planning, technology strategy, and service development. Prerequisites A foundational knowledge of telecommunications would be beneficial. Some familiarity with 5G technology and networking principles will also enhance comprehension.  Course Contents       Introduction to Satellite Communication Introduction to Non-Terrestrial Networks (NTN) Market and Technology Development 5G Satellite – Deployment and Operational Requirements 5G Satellite Integration and Architectures Key Deployment Challenges and Standardised Solutions

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Software Defined Networking (SDN) is reshaping how networks are designed, managed,and scaled. By separating the control and data planes, SDN introduces flexibility,programmability, and automation - key drivers for modern network evolution. In this course, you’ll begin with the foundations of SDN, exploring its origins, goals, and howit differs from traditional networking. You’ll learn why SDN emerged, the role of virtualisationand cloud computing, and how concepts like X-as-a-Service and network abstractionsinfluence its design. The course explains SDN’s split architecture, hierarchical interfaces,and control plane abstractions, giving you a clear understanding of how SDN enables agile,software-driven networks. Next, you’ll dive into SDN architecture and standards, covering evolving switch designs,controller interactions, flow tables, and deployment techniques such as hybrid, edge, andpanopticon models. You’ll also explore open-source platforms like OpenDaylight andONOS, and see how SDN integrates with NFV for end-to-end service orchestration. Designed for professionals in telecoms, IT, and networking, this course provides a practical,jargon-free introduction to SDN - ideal for anyone looking to understand the principles,architecture, and real-world applications of software-defined networking. Course Contents Introduction to SDN Evolution to SDN Abstracted View of Networks SDN Control Example SDN Application SDN and NFV SDN Architecture and Standards Network and SDN Architecture SDN Architecture Switch Deployment SDN Open-Source Components

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Our Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) training course offers a comprehensive understanding of SIP, Session Description Protocol (SDP), and Real-time Transport Protocol (RTP) and their crucial roles in establishing multimedia communications over IP-based networks. This 1-day course delves into SIP architectures, various SIP server types, and the intricate functions of SIP, SDP, and RTP in multimedia communication setups. Ideal for individuals seeking an in-depth comprehension of SIP and related protocols, this course covers essential topics such as SIP requests and responses, SIP user agents, dialogues, transactions, SIP architecture, operation procedures, SIP URIs, Tel URIs, and more. Participants will also explore SIP registration and session control, SIP and SDP messages, header fields, routing techniques, SIP server roles (Proxy, Redirect, B2BUA, Forking), SDP offer/answer model, interworking with the PSTN, and practical case studies using Wireshark analysis. Enhance your knowledge of SIP and related protocols with our expert-led training sessions, designed to equip you with the skills and insights needed to navigate the complexities of multimedia communications over IP networks. Join us for this intensive course and gain a competitive edge in the ever-evolving world of telecommunications. Who would benefit Those requiring a detailed understanding of the operation of the SIP and related protocols. Prerequisites A basic understanding of IP, UDP and TCP is an advantage. Topic Areas Include The role of SIP, SDP and RTP in multimedia communications Locating users in a SIP environment SIP requests and responses SIP user agents, dialogues and transactions SIP architecture, operation and procedures SIP URIs and Tel URIs Analysis of SIP registration and session control Analysis of SIP and SDP messages and header fields Request and response routing techniques Route and record route headers The roles and functions of SIP Servers: Proxy, Redirect, B2BUA and Forking SDP offer/answer model SIP-I and interworking with the PSTN Registration and session establishment Case studies using Wireshark analysis

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The planning rules for radio services often leave small gaps which cannot be used or the scattered use of spectrum by a primary user leaves larger opportunities. Such spectrum might be accessible for different or additional radio services, typically ones with very low power which will not cause undue interference to the primary users. These opportunities were referred to as ‘whitespaces’ but the focus more recently considers methods such as dynamic spectrum assignment. In addition, regulatory techniques are trying to find ways to make sharing spectrum a more common practice for use across a myriad of spectrum services. This course examines the background to whitespaces, considering how and where they arise and looks at a range of sharing opportunities. It then focuses on how spectrum might be made available to additional parties, and what kind of communications it might support. Finally, the various regulatory methods and technologies (including DSA/LSA and the role of databases) being considered will be examined. Course Objectives After completing the course, delegates will understand the history of whitespaces, and the more recent opportunities for sharing together with methods to regulate usage. Current developments and case studies will also be provided. Intended for those who need to understand the regulation and practical application of advanced sharing techniques, whether from a regulatory or commercial perspective. Contents The possible applications for more advanced spectrum sharing methods Technologies being developed for the exploitation spectrum sharing Where are there opportunities for more advanced sharing? How is interference dealt with The regulatory processes and procedures being applied Geographic databases and dynamic spectrum access Licensed shared access and similar regulatory tools About LS telcom: LS telcom is a global leader in technologies and consulting services for efficient radio spectrum use, optimizing spectrum management to ensure reliable, interference-free, and secure radio services. Our portfolio includes consulting, measurement services, and integrated solutions for planning, analysis, monitoring, and managing radio infrastructure. Serving customers in over 100 countries, including regulatory authorities, network operators, and industries such as transport, utilities, and security, LS telcom operates globally with subsidiaries and offices in locations like Germany, the UK, Canada, India, and the UAE. Headquartered in Lichtenau, Germany, LS telcom AG has been listed on the German Stock Exchange since 2001 (ISIN DE 0005754402).  

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The drive towards all-IP networking necessitates the transport of SS7 protocols over an IP domain. This course provides a thorough explanation of how this is achieved using the SIGTRAN ‘toolkit’. Our SIGTRAN training course is designed to provide a comprehensive understanding of how SS7 protocols are transported over IP networks using the SIGTRAN toolkit. As the industry moves towards all-IP networking, this course is essential for individuals who need to grasp the concept of SS7 and the available solutions for transporting SS7 signalling over IP-based networks. Participants will benefit from learning about various topic areas including the importance of SIGTRAN, potential SS7 and IP interworking scenarios, SIGTRAN protocols, SCTP architecture and operation, MTP2 Peer-to-Peer Adaptation (M2PA) layer, MTP3 User Adaptation (M3UA) layer, and more. With a focus on practical applications, attendees will also gain hands-on experience in analyzing SIGTRAN operation using Wireshark. Whether you are a telecommunications professional looking to enhance your skills or a network engineer seeking to understand the complexities of SS7 signalling over IP networks, our SIGTRAN training course is the ideal choice for you.  Who would benefit Those requiring an understanding of the need for SS7 and the solutions available for transporting SS7 signalling over IP-based networks. Prerequisites Familiarity with the PSTN architecture and SS7 signalling protocols, particularly MTP and SCCP, together with some knowledge of the TCP/IP protocol suite. Topic Areas Include Why SIGTRAN? Potential SS7 and IP interworking scenarios SIGTRAN protocols SIGTRAN in circuit-related and non-circuit-related signalling scenarios Stream Control Transmission Protocol (SCTP) SCTP architecture, operation, procedures and terminology MTP2 Peer-to-Peer Adaptation (M2PA) layer MTP3 User Adaptation (M3UA) layer MTP2 User Adaptation (M2UA) layer SCCP User Adaptation (SUA) layer Adaptation layer architecture, operations, procedures and resilience models Analysis of SIGTRAN operation using Wireshark

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The advent of technologies such as SDR (Software Defined Radio) and packet-based backhaul have enabled vendors and operators to develop ‘Single RAN’ concepts in which MSR (Multi-Standard Radio) base stations are capable of managing 2G, 3G and even 4G cells from within a single base station unit. Shared IP-based backhaul via an Ethernet packet network further allows for the traditional multi-RAN concept to be abandoned as Single RAN architectures begin to be deployed. This course provides a detailed overview of the Single RAN concept, of the technologies and techniques that enable it and of the architectures and deployment options that have made it a reality. Our Single RAN Training Course is designed for engineers, managers, and other personnel who want to gain a technical understanding of the Single RAN concept and the technologies that enable it. This course covers topics such as defining the Single RAN, potential benefits and dangers of implementation, MSR base stations, software-defined radio, multi-standard band sharing, and more. Participants will also learn about backhaul networks and architectures for Single RAN, multi-RAT operation, flexible core network connectivity, and network area coordination. By taking this course, you will acquire the knowledge and skills needed to understand the Single RAN architecture and deployment options that have made it a reality. Whether you are new to the telecommunications industry or looking to enhance your existing knowledge, this training course will provide you with a comprehensive overview of Single RAN concepts and technologies. Don't miss this opportunity to stay ahead in the rapidly evolving world of telecommunications. Sign up for our Single RAN Training Course today and take your career to the next level. Who would benefit This course is designed for engineers, managers and other personnel who have a need to acquire a technical overview of the Single RAN concept and of the technologies and techniques that enable it. Prerequisites An understanding of 2G, 3G and/or 4G access network architectures and technologies would be an advantage as would a basic knowledge of IP. Topic Areas Include Defining the single RAN Potential benefits and dangers of single RAN implementation MSR base stations Software defined radio Multi-standard band sharing OBSAI and CPRI Localized versus distributed cell sites MSR base Station sharing Potential RF issues Single RAN architecture Backhaul networks and architectures for single RAN Multi-RAT operation Flexible core network connectivity Network area coordination RSFP index and idle mode mobility Connected mode mobility IP flow mobility Multi RAN architecture Single RAN architecture Single RAN implementation example

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